Daily Boost Self Help Motivation Podcast Defining Values

I’m so tired even with enough sleep and exercise, why?

I am so tired all the day, I am 20 y/o. I used to work out everyday for an hour, but lately I can barely make it for more than 30 mins, I am falling asleep in the middle of my work-out as if I was anesthetized. I need to drink 3+ cups coffee just to keep me awake. I need 10-hour sleep now, I have no motivation……tired tired tired!
My diet is normal, I didn’t eat less than usual, I didn’t lose/gain too much weight. I’m not pregnant. I can’t see anything wrong in my daily activities. I don’t know why.
Or any good method to boost up my energy??? I’m taking vitamins. obviously it doesn’t help too much
Thank you in advance.

When you see your doctor, ask for a Complete Blood Count. You may have an infection.

Also, ask for an iron level, because you may be anemic.

Good luck.

Talk radio: Motivation or titillation? …

Impact of Motivation, Attraction, and Parasocial Interaction on Talk Radio Listening.(Abstract): An article from: Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media $5.95 This digital document is an article from Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, published by Broadcast Education Association on September 22, 2000. The length of the article is 8924 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with a…

San Francisco Talk Radio- Motivation, Inspiration and Meditation

Why is ESPN talking about Phil leaving L.A.?

Just heard some espn sports radio info the past couple days, and for two, three days now espn has been digging about 10 rings Phil Jackson potentially leaving Los Angeles to go back to Chicago, and/or go to Cleveland to coach LeBron. They tie in LeBron following where Phil might theoretically go.

1 Phil is banging Buss’s daughter , no its not motivation to work for pennies , phil wants 9 or 10 million a year .
Buss is fine with that but said Phil needs to win the Championship.

2 . Phil was not really ” forced ” out of the windy city , he just got a better deal with the Lakers , money talks !

3. No phil was not included in the contract extension when they extended the Black mamba’s . the Lakers are waiting to the end of the season , to talk to phil about a extention , keep in mind phil will not coach for under 9 million per season , irrelevent if he wins the championship or not

4 Yes phil was left out of the extension , At least for now he is.

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Touching and Heartfelt Poem for Motivations – A Winner’s Creed Poem on 11 x 14 inches Double Beveled Matting Beautiful and Inspiring Poem for all gifting occasions. Person receiving your gifts will be thrilled and full with joy. Shower them with your love, give them a gift from the heart, give them a poem from GoodOldSaying! We have Gifts that: —Keep on giving and last a lifetime—Are motivational, Inspirational, Spiritual and Thoughtful—Appreciated because she knows you really care—Have potential…

What Every BODY is Saying: An Ex-FBI Agent’s Guide to Speed-Reading People $10.19 He says that’s his best offer. Is it? She says she agrees. Does she? The interview went great—or did it? He said he’d never do it again. But he did. Read this book and send your nonverbal intelligence soaring. Joe Navarro, a former FBI counterintelligence officer and a recognized expert on nonverbal behavior, explains how to “speed-read” people: decode sentiments and behaviors, avo…

The 4:8 Principle: The Secret to a Joy-Filled Life $9.19 This book is comparable to the Prayer of Jabez, in that it takes a biblical principle and helps enlighten readers how one simple truth can affect a wide area of one’s life. Ultimately, this b…

Motivational Quotes Sayings

I need inspirational motivational quotes and sayings that are for wrestling?

Do you have anything that would be a good saying for wrestlers ?

“Once you’ve wrestled, everything else in life is easy.” – Dan Gable

“Wrestling is the only sport I’ve ever competed in that puts you totally in a situation of constant [motion] without breaks. I could play football or baseball, swim — but there’s always some kind of situation that would break my thoughts, break my concentration.” – Dan Gable

“I like a women who’s got some balls, some strength. As long as I can beat her at arm wrestling, that’s fine.” – James Hetfield

“More enduringly than any other sport, wrestling teaches self-control and pride. Some have wrestled without great skill – none have wrestled without pride.” – Dan Gable

“Wrestling has been a way of life with me day in and day out. I won’t get too far away from it. I might walk through the wrestling room once a week. I could go every day if I wanted. But just walk through, make sure it’s still there.” – Dan Gable

“There are people who think that wrestling is an ignoble sport. Wrestling is not sport, it is a spectacle, and it is no more ignoble to attend a wrestled performance of suffering than a performance of the sorrows of Arnolphe or Andromaque.” – Roland Barthes

“We are Hollywood, … We’re entertainment, and that’s what the World Wrestling Federation is all about.” – Vince McMahon

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How can my mom adopted older child!?

How can my mom adopted older child!
My mom adopted me 1978 when was little baby in USA TN now been long time my mom adopted and I want a cool sister but my mom go be 60 but she dont look old at all age 60! and we go moved new house have big font and back yard and 4 bed room 3 bath and 1 half bath and long driveway! So I asking anyone is a adopted parent yourself like a single parent or a adoption agency. and who do home study ! I found some sister I want will be good for are new house but some from other state like Arkansas ,KY on aoption website but not lot in TN old child age 8 to 15 my mom looking for adopted and how long take beetwen age 8 to 15 to adopted?

I think she has enough on her plate with you as an older child…

If you were already around in 1978, that makes you at least 29…

The Signs in Astrology

The Signs

Aries

The First Sign in the Zodiac, Element – Cardinal, Modality – Fire, Ruling

 Planet – Mars, Type- extrovert. Aries, key sentence is “ I am or competitiveness”,

 As far as he is concerns, he is the only one in the Universe, and the centre of the world, the entire world should circling and spinning around him.

Well this guy is quite an Egoist, but lets don’t forget he has a lot of feelings, sentiments, and emotions, he is a very worm person and could be generous too, but “I am first” is his motto.

If you are meeting some one on the street or in some gathering, and he is smiling at you, shaking your hand till all your body is trembling, adding a pat on your shoulder, while staring directly in to your eyes, than my friends you should know you meet a Aries. This guy is full of self-confident and independence, and above all a lot of leadership.

The Aries is one of the most initiative and entrepreneur types in the zodiac, if he is settling down and making his mind about a project nothing will stop him until he fulfil his will, he is locking his “radar” on the target and like a pit bull hanging on until complete fulfilment, he has a very short “fuse” he must have his desire right away.

 Since no one is listening, between us, this guy is never doing to much thinking, which means first he is acting and than he is thinking about his activity, all his decision making proses is like a lightening, for good or for worse what ever the out come will be.

Do you want to see an example, enter to the Joseph Jacobs (1890) fairy tale “jack and the Beanstalk” we have a nice example. Jack did not do too much thinking, he went up, penetrating the giant’s castle, stealing his goose and running away, Jack showed a lot of guts, a grate deal of enthusiasm but I ‘m sceptical if he did some planing work before his activity.

Yes I forgot to mention since the guy has a short “fuse” it is not recommended to get him angry’ this guy can become fury, aggressive cruel and brutal,

Most of the reasons are that he must be the winner in any coast in must be the successor. Along with that after he let his furriest out he is not a revengable and vindictive type (this title we shall live for some one else in the zodiac)

Moreover this is the ultimate adventurer, what’s is rely scaring about this guy that he dent know what fear means, as I mention before this is a borne leader a talented manager, excellent officer build-in in his genes.

Our guy is going in his way and any one has to follow, he will fight for his opinions and his truth, if the bystander does not believe that he is going straight, never mind as long as our guy believes he is A-O-K, he doesn’t need nighter modesty nor tact .if you don’t agree with him that your problem.

“I can no longer obey; I have tasted command, and I cannot give it up” Napoleon Bonaparte

Famous persons Aries born

Charley Chaplin, Otto von Bismarck, Albert Einstein, Pop Benedictus the XVI, Marlon Brando, Vincent Van Gogh, Arturo Toscanini, Hans Christian Andersen. Osama ben Laden. Chucove Nikita

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Taurus

The second sign in the zodiac. , Element – Fix, Modality- Earth. Type-Iintroverted.

Ruling planet – Venus.

Taurus, key sentence “I have” which means possessiveness and materialism in a manner that doesn’t know the meaning of satisfying.

But on the other hand, if you like to take a look at a Taurus type go to Alan Alexander Milne tale “Winnie the Pooh” Winnie lives by himself in a tree, tends to be a bit on the slow side, most of all Winnie has a love of honey.

However one of his characteristics is patience another one is stability, this type is never in a hurry, and he has all the he needs or whish.

Once he looked his “Radar” on a target or task he will accomplish his wish slowly but Shurly with a lot of persistence.

This is a very slow and peaceful type very careful in his doings a lot of tolerance and endurance, almost never gets annoyed or angry, he is looking to remain peaceful you better don’t bother him let him stay in peace.

But once you have succussed to get him angry to take him out of his stability, do yourself a favour and get lost, he will run over like a 60 ton “Abrams” savages and ruthless, no way to stop him.

Late Linda Goodman described this type as the Cliff of Gibraltar with immune and resistant against the weather and time obstacle, nothing can get him.

This is a very earthly type, the best therapy for him is gardening, he is in his best in collecting Real Estate items, those topics are suppling him his peace of mind, we can find many politician artists and generales under this sign.

This type loves comfort and indulgent, he will do almost any thing to make his home looks like a Million dollar in order to impress his gests, he will do anything to impress them and give them five stars hospitality the best of his food and drinks, what he really likes is to sit in a circle with his gests and to feed them with his knowledge and advises.

His weakness is food, and self-indulgent most of this type has many kilos too much, and it is almost impossible for him to do something regarding his weight problem.

Another weakness or virtue is passion, to beauty harmony and aesthetics, here is Venus to blame.

And all about the opposite sex, as much as possible, is the life motto, just doing a long life party for the senses and the sensuality.

Last but not least this type is very very stubborn’ almost total resistance to change, but try to tell him abut his stubbedness, he wont admit to possess this “virtue”, this type just believes that he is a very reasonable measured, mature person,

“Stubborn like a mule!!! How me?”

“A business that makes nothing but money is a poor business”.

 Henry Ford

Famous persons Taurus borne

Niccolo Machiavelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Sigmund Freud, Adolf Hitler, Maximilien Robespierre, Tony Blair, Pierre Curie, Harry S. Truman, Karl Heinrich Marx,

 Salvador  Dalí , Jay Leno,

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Gemini

Third sign in the zodiac. , Element – Mutable, Modality- Air. Type- extrovert.

Ruling planet – Mercury.

Gemini key sentence – “I think”. Do you recall the Rabbit at “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” this is the type, he is always busy ”I’m late, I’m late ‘” this is his motto, this type run’s always, all the day, and he doesn’t have a clue for what, or were is he running to, but he must be occupied all the time otherwise he will becomes nuts, this type cunt stand the situation to be bored, not to do anything is unacceptable, he must be on the move all the time this can be mentally or physically.

This type is changing “masks” in the twinkling of an eye, while you are convinced he find some interest in you, showing you sympathy, in a second he is showing you indifference or distaste.

Today his opinion in some matter could be positive and in the next day negative, you don’t have the sliced idea how to grab him, schizophrenia? Absolute no, his internal “computer” is “running” so fast that for us mortals it seems weird, well mortals that’s Mercury the “gods” messenger.

Gemini is the ultimate sales man, the best marketing director, very intelligent, quick perception, understanding anything in a second, but very very very superficial, knows a little of every thing, must be talking all the time, can express himself in a marvels manner, the best in speech making, a charming small talker.

On second thought he is in his best at the communication / media business, TV, Newspapers, public relations, there all his talents can come in to use in the most ultimate manner.

Did you notice that our broadcaster in an interview don’t let their gest to say more than two too tree words, he must do all the talking, to give the answers and to present his knowledgeable opinion, ooohhhh yes he could become a superb politician, he has all the relevant virtues.

And you my friend, be better alert, put all your attention when you are dealing with a Gemini otherwise he will spin you, manipulate you, and he will went to have some sleep in order to give his frayed nerves some rest.

“I am so clever that sometimes I don’t understand a single word of what I am saying”.

Oscar Wilde

Famous people Gemini borne

Arthur Conan Doyle, Marilyn Monroe, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Dean martin, Ian Fleming, Henry Alfred Kissinger, James Paul McCartney, Sikorsky Igor,

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type /  archetype description.

Cancer

Fourth sign in the zodiac. Element – Cardinal. Modality- Water. Type- introvert.

Ruling planet – Moon.

Cancer key sentence “ I feel”. This type is just eager to wallow in his feelings and senses.

Go to the move to some dramatic love story, look around you, who is crying? But of course al the “cancers”, they just enjoy it, go to the seashore, if you see a child siting in front the waves and talking to the sea, it’s a “cancer”, if you want to hear a “yes” to every wish you are asking, take this type at full moon in front the moon.

For a nice example lets go to the move “Mary Poppins” the perfect Nanny, her mission in life is taking care, looking after, the chalderns, she is a borne Cancer.

The most important substance to this type is his family, there he finds his rescue from the threaten world, there near the fire place, or under his geese feathers blanket he finds his peace of mind.

This type may be an obsessive collector, stamps, coins, napkins, an old memory copybook from the class of 1955, you may find a stock of his kinder garden pictures or love letters from his first love in high school.

Yes I forgot, they love to nurse you to mothering you, like a goose to her chicks,

,” eat eat it is healthy for you”, you just hade a five portion meal, “don’t forget to take your sweater” in the midst of July, “change your socks you’ll get ill”. If you’re going for four houers journey, this type will pack for you a suitcase, just for any case you might need it.

Moreover, as the female cancer is closing upon you, you can’t escape, she just grab you with all her love and pincers, you have hade it my friend.

Once you and your “cancer” partner become parents, “asta la vista” you can go to Kamchatka she won’t now you are missing, she has her chicks. 

Well another point to mention, if this type is not focusing on his feelings, than he is focusing on money and business matters, this is very important for his self – confidence, he will never have, enough, never have sufficient, there is always an inner voice digging, twice a day he takes a look at the stock market what’s is going on, “how can we go on vacation, the markets are un stable now”,” no, let postpone it for next month”, having saying that while siting in a first class restaurant with a face of an martyr eating caviar and drinking champagne, getting blankness and wanness in front of the menu.

“Every portrait that is painted with feeling is a portrait of the artist, not of the sitter”.

Oscar Wilde

Famous people Cancer borne

Amedeo Clemente Modigliani; Princes Dianna, Mark Shagal, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Ringo Starr, King Henry VII, Jean-Jacques Rousseau ?

Helen Adams Keller, Herbert Marshall McLuhan, Ernest Miller Hemingway, Tom Hanks, Guglielmo Marconi

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Leo

Fifth sign in the zodiac. Element – Fix. Modality- Fire. Type- extrovert.

Ruling planet – Sun.

Leo key sentence “ I will”, just try to oppose him and you’ll understand right away why he is called the king of the beasts.

Do you recall the “Queen of harts” in  “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” this is the type, like a peacock, in second thought he remind my the king in Hans C. Andersen “The Emperor’s New Clothes” both of them, pride, arrogant, just dare not to obey.

 Although Louis XIV of France, which is called the “Sun King” was boren under the Virgo sigin, but he simbolize the lion by he saying “I am the State”.

Since “Noble obliged” every thing is “King size” his car, his home, his parties and diners. This type must be in the center of every thing, event and matter , you cant miss him he is full with showiness, all the attention must be focused on him, and in return he will bestow from his generosity which he know and do very well.

Leo is a borne leader perfect organizer. He command and order his natives, and they must obey, but the clever vassal let him believe whatever the wishes to believe, and he is doing what ever he likes.

A great deal of actors are Leo borne, since Leo needs the stage for his performance, he needs the spot light directing at him, for the Leo it is needed like air, he is acting always, and all the time, he will start acting as soon as he sees his reflection in the mirror at the mooring while polishing his tooth.

Let me point out this type has a golden hart, he will help to each and any one in need, he doest knows what “no” means.

When you have the chance to have a conversation in four eyes, you suddenly realize that this type is a very sharp analyzer in the human mankind; he has very sharp senses, and understands his fellow man perfectly.

He will look at you from some upper position down to you, he will talk to you very quietly smoothly softly with a smile and grace, giving you all the credit you may whish, namely “ go a had lad, try to fool me, catch me if you can”.

Do you want to please him, just flatter him, he knows that you are flattering, but he can’t resist, it, he enjoys every moment, he doesn’t believe you, but he lets you believe he did.

“The way I see it, if you want the rainbow, you gotta put up with the rain.”

Dolly Parton

Famous people Leo borne

Napoleon Bonaparte, Benito Mussolini, Carl Gustav Jung ·, William Jefferson Clinton, Robert Mario De Niro, Fidel Castro, Madonna L.Ciccone Ritchie. Louis de Funès,    

Barack Obama.

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Virgo

Sixth sign in the zodiac. Element – Mutable. Modality – Earth. Type – Introvert.

Ruling planet – Chiron.

In order to get a clearer picture of this type lets go to the movies, and now lets go and see the picture “Mutiny on the Bounty” Vice – Admiral William Bligh was an officer of the British Royal Navy and a colonial administrator. He is best known as the “Captain Bligh“ of “ Mutiny on the Bounty “ fame, The mutiny was against his captain’s command “Captain Bligh was a harsh disciplinarian, a man of flaring temper, seemingly mindless of the cut of his words on others. His civility, though, returned as quickly as his temper flared”. This movie was made several times, 1933- starring Errol Flynn as Fletcher Christian, 1935-starring, Clark Gable as Fletcher Christian, Charles Laughton, as Capt’ Bligh 1962- starring Marlon Brando as Fletcher Christian, Trevor Howard, as Capt’ Bligh 1984 – starring Mel Gibson, a Fletcher Christian, Anthony Hopkins, as Capt’ Bligh.

BTW:  Capt’ Bligh was borne as a Virgo,

Virgo key sentence, “I Analyse” Take a look around you in the next party or social gathering, in case you find some one sitting alone in the corner of the room and watching the people in the room, you meet a Virgo.

No, he is not bored, he absorbing every thing that is happening in the room and analysing it, after worth he is filing the information in his memory, who knows when will it be useful for him.

 And again to the movies .In the year 1996 Stephen King wrote a novel named “The green mile”. In the year 1999 Frank Darabont directed the Film in that name, the star in that picture was Tom Hanks, the figure which he is acting and creating there is the ultimate Virgo, He is giving us very clean nice image of an “bureaucrat” in his best, honest straight, dissent, and human.

This type don’t like crowds, you’ll find this type in a library or laboratories, as an accountancy or some searcher in any academic field, this type is Mr “examination”, Mr “inspection” always criticising, may be a judge or very good jurisprudent and legalist, his biggest disadvantage is that he “can’t see the forest for the trees”.

This type is the ultimate bureaucrat, he invented the system, believe it or not, and he likes to serve, to serve the society.

He was genetically “created” to be a bureaucrat, created to be a civil servant, to be a civil servant will be the top of his ambitions. Cynicism? , No I mean it, this type function’s at his best as he gives a services, he is a very reliable, responsible, trustworthy, strict and pedant person.

Moreover usually this a very modest shy person, he doesn’t like any favours from any one, he has a very conservative approach to life, especially regarding money, money is a serous matter which must be handled with care.

This type internalise his feelings, he won’t let you see what is going on in him, on the contrary he looks at you as at a lab mouse, as a surgeon at his patient, on the operating table. He will catalogue you in a most efficient and effective way, you are like an object for him, efficiency, precision and accuracy is his motto in life.

He is Mr’ Swiss watch.

“It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data”.

Arthur Conan Doyle

Famous people Virgo borne

King Luis XIV, Tomás de Torquemada, François de La Rochefoucauld, Leonard Berenstien, Sophia Loren, William Bligh, Richard Henry Sellers,?Rocky Marciano

Johann Christian Bach, Hugh Grant, Agatha Christie, Tommy Lee Jones

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Libra

Seventh sign in the zodiac. Element – Cardinal. Modality – Air. Type – Extrovert.

Ruling planet – Venus. Libra key sentence  “ I Harmonize”

This type must remain balanced al the time, very were any were, as a matter of fact, he didn’t learn yet that this is a mission imposable, once can’t please every one, you cunt please al those who surround you, If you are pleasing one, it very possible that you are hurting another.

Yes indeed “every one likes Raymond” we are facing the ultimate Diplomat, Mediator, or Broker, the perfect person as a peacemaker, a borne reconciler, tact is his motto.

We can take glance at one of this types in the picture “ The Fortune Cookie” a 1966 Billy Wilder film staring the late Jack Lemmon and the late Walter Matthau, Matthau is personify a conniving lawyer, the ultimate Libra.

The name of the game for this type is RELATIONSHIP this all his essence, his biggest need is to remain balanced, which means HARMONY.He can’t stand the notion that some isn’t please with his behavior, with his activity

Did you notice to the statue of the goddess of justice? Sitting blindfold with the weighing machine her hand, looking for the right balance.

That the real Libras problem is to take a stand, to get a resolution, to make decision, this type is always hesitating, eating his finger nails and finally he says,” well mates, don’t ask me, I am not apart of this quarrel/ debate”, this is his way to get out of his dissonance.

Some times for a bystander it would be very difficult to decide wether this type is lazy or very diligent, this type can work around the clock til job is finished, and than taking a long period of a king size ultimate vacation. You won’t find this type at he gym in large numbers, he really rather to lie down under an umbrella at the pool with ice-cold lemonade / beer.

Well this type prefer to make use of his mental capabilities, wisdom and intellect, anyhow his mind is working all the time, making overtime, so why not getting payed for that, isn’t so.

We will find this type in the parliament or congress, in the court of law, we can find very sharp, clever and witty businessman, we can find this type in the Academy and in the Arts since beauty and aesthetics are being ruled by Venus.

“Nothing is more difficult, and therefore more precious, than to be able to decide. “

Napoleon Bonaparte

 Famous people Libra borne

Mahatma Ghandi, Grouch Marx, Vladimir Putin, John Lennon, Nana Mouskouri, Luciano Pavarotti, Margaret Thatcher, Roger Moore, Cliff Richard, Oscar Wilde, Arthur Miller, John Le Carre.

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Scorpio

Eighth sign in the zodiac. Element – Fix. Modality – Water. Type – Introvert.

Ruling planet – Pluto. Scorpio key sentence “ I Desire”.

A nice example for this type we can find in the fairy tale “ The beauty and the beast”

A huge threaten frightening figure, and on the other hand a gentle kind and sensitive character, a mysterious powerful figure, living in the hiding, behind the walls that he build around himself.

Well I must admit, I know very little about Scorpio, but on the other hand who does, every think regarding this type is “ top secret” every thing is confidence, if you are asking a Scorpio what is he doing? He will reply to you, that this is so confidential that he doesn’t know by him self, in other words, he doesn’t shear his thoughts and activities.

The Scorpio is hiding every thing deep down at Pluto cellars in the underworld, you wont know what is going on in his mind because he is wearing a perfect “poker face”.

This type is an extremist, is looking up on the world through the colours white and black, the grey area isn’t familiar to him. He loves you or heats you, take my word for it don’t “Buy” yourself an Scorpio a s an enemy, it is unwise, be sure he will settle his “bill” even if it takes forty years.

 On the other hand if he is your friend, than you bought yourself a friend for life, unless you did a stupid mistake like betrayal, however if you bought his trust, he will remain faithful friend for ever, and will give you aid day or night, no matter what, but it is not easy to “purchase” his trust, well in order to get a job at the CIA you’ll have easier tests.

Scorpio is living in his on world, he has the ultimate self-awareness, he know exactly and precisely his virtues his advantages and his disadvantage, and they are quite a few, he makes his on rules for himself and for his surrounding, matter of fact now buddy can really understand him, and on the other hand he is capable to “read” any one like a X-ray machine, he is the master of manipulation, the master of the undirected approach, he will mould you as he wishes.

Take a look at his poker face, for a moment you’ll believe he is napping, don’t do this mistake, his “radar” is working all the time, he is awake and sharp like a Japanese sword, inside are breaking out lava storms, urges and desires, impulses temptations, but you my friend you will see only the Sphinxes face, perfectly controlled, in this buttal we do not know who wins the Eagle or the Snake

This type being ruled by Pluto can make many changes and transformations in his life, he has the power to change, to rebuild himself, and like the Sphinx to come out of the ashes as a newborn, as an entirely different person.

Were can we find him as “Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy”, diving, as a miner, as an surgeon, perfect in the psychiatry field, military police, private eye, secret service, arts, and all the esoteric field.

 “While we teach, we learn” “ you should keep studding as long as there is something that you don’t know”

Seneca

Famous people Scorpio borne

Kevin Kline, Georges Bizet, Pablo Picasso, Bob Hoskins, Capt.James Cook, Theodore(Teddy) Roosevelt, Francis Bacon, Bill Gates, Julia Roberts,

King Hussein of Jordan, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Law Montgomery,

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Sagittarius

Ninth sign in the zodiac. Element – Mutable. Modality -Fire. Type – Extrovert.

Ruling planet – Jupiter.  Sagittarius key sentence  “ I Seek”.

After a loud rolling laughter this type will slaps you on your shoulder saying “O.K. Thursday at 10 :00”, unfortunately he didn’t mention in which week and month, will this meeting take place.

While you are waiting for him on Thursday, he is dancing on the waves standing behind a yacht wheel, breathing the air and the endless space of the ocean.

His greatest need is to feel non-dependence, he needs to feel the ability to move whenever he like, were ever he wants to be.

This ultimate adventurer, needs to be in “action” al the time, he needs to feel the Adrenalin in his veins constantly, you will find him on a racing motorbike, climbing on the Everest, skiing down the Mont Blanc, or Sixty feet under the water, This is the ultimate Sagittarius.

I have in mind two examples; the first one is “Sinbad the Sailor” this figure from the 1001 Arabian night’s fairy tails, is the ultimate adventurer, and the second one is d’Artagnan, Alexandre Dumas “ The three Musketeers” hero the idealistic adventurer, who is fighting for the truth justice and freedom, both of them are Sagittarius types.

Along with the adventurer aspect, this type is a born Philosopher, he is seeking for the most abstract philosophy horizons, to the refined and purest truth, he will climb to the peak of the mathematics, physics, and philosophy pyramid, he will deal with the most complicated humanitarian questions. Justice and truth are his motto.

This a very optimistic person who loves people wherever and whoever they are, his biggest disadvantage and weakness is his tactless approach to people, he just says what he is thinking, he doesn’t have any intention to harm or insult his fellowman, he is just whishing to point out things as they are and should be, his fellowman should know the truth and correct their mistakes.

“Dogs and philosophers do the greatest good and get the fewest rewards”.

Diogenes

Famous people Sagittarius borne

Mark Twain, Frank Sinatra, Sir Winston Churchill, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Walt Disney, Louis Armstrong, Sammy Davis Jnr, Nostradumus, Ludwig Van Beethoven, Sir Arthur C. Clarke, Benedictus d`’Espinoza,

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Capricorn

Tenth sign in the zodiac. Element – Cardinal. Modality – Earth. Type – introvert.

Ruling planet – Saturn.  Capricorn key sentence  “ I Use”.

Conformity is our types Trade mark, he is seeking to be in the midst of the consensus, and as close as possible to the decision makers conjunction, his aim is the peak of the pyramid, in whatever organization he is in.

The goat is climbing al her life up on the mountain, will never stop till reaching the top, this is the target, what our type doesn’t know that is much harder to stay there, than the climbing process.

Lets go to the movies,The Conformist (Il conformista) is a novel by Albeto Moravia published in 1951 which details the life and desire for normalcy of a government official during Italy’s fascist period. In the yeare 1970   Bernardo bertolucci made a filem in that name.

Marcello ( the hero)   spends the entire novel in a search for what he perceives to be a normal life – normal activities, a normal appearance, normal emotions, and so on. However, he confuses normality with conformity, and in his quest to conform, subjugates his already-repressed emotions. When the natural course of his life presents him with ethical dilemmas – the assignment to betray Professor Quadri, his attraction to women other than his wife – he is ill-prepared to deal with them.The ultimate caprocorn

A conservative life style approach is one of his chrematistic. every thing regarding religion ceremony ritual and, sacramental is his favourites ,in matter of fact he wont dare to do any changes regarding those topics, this is tabo, sacred.

This a serious grey type, very ambitious, highest, self discipline, very persistence, approaching life very seriousness and strictness, spontaneousness is an un familiar concept to him, in his mind is efficiency, rigidity, thriftiness and utilitarianism, those factors are his motto.

“ What do you mean to buy a new pair of trousers, I’m wearing them only five years what’s wrong with them”.

On the other hand, if he is invited to receive a merit certificate which is endowed and given to him by his union, hhhhaaa wait and see, he will buy the most expensive and extravagant suit, he ill show them who he is, let every one explode.

You will find this type at the Union, you will find him right a way, on a daily basis, near the boss, serving him, he will wash his car and will go shopping for him, his ambition don t have any boundary, he will do any thing, any thing in order to fulfil his targets.

Once he is sitting on the boss’s chair, he forgot all of those who were with him on the way up, they just vanished, he is relating only to his level, and but of course to his new boss. To his subordinates he is very pedant, demands loyalty, order and discipline.

We are dealing with a great administrator, a very good director, which understands the needs of an organization, knows how to keep the organization, prospers and advancing, this type gets the results that his Bord of Directors will demand, what else could we ask from him.

“Be nice to those in your way stepping up, because you’ll meet them on your return back down”

Unknown

Famous people Capricorn borne

 Richard Milhous Nixon, Montesquieu, Mao Tse-Tung, Louis Pasteur, Rudyard Kipling, Sir Isaac Newton, J Edgar Hoover, Count Folke Bernadotte, Aristotl Onassis, Martin Luther King, Al Capone, Cary Grant. Gerald Durrell,

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Aquarius

Eleventh sign in the zodiac. Element – Fix. Modality – Air. Type – extrovert.

Ruling planet – Uranus.  Aquarius key sentence  “ I Know”.

With this type you neither argue nor give him an advice, he knows every thing on any thing, he doesn’t listen to no one.

He will advise his Doctor in the midst of his wife surgery even if his profession is plumbing, he will interfere his solicitor with his advises in the midst of a trill, even if he is a cab driver. Lately I witness our type explaining an old experienced Skipper how to handle a yacht in sea force eight, needless to say that this type even don’t know the direction to the sea and swimming is an abstract subject for him.

Although he is extrovert type, he is a real lonesome individual; he is “sailing in his on course, observing society in some covering of cynicism, the ultimate non conformist, nobody is allowed to interfere in his life’ he is living according to his views and understanding the worlds ( his) realism.

This quite a modest person, a real intellectual, the best creative minds are from the Aquarius tribe, his working tools will remain his mind even though he is a mechanic in some garage.

This type could be interest in the situation of the Kangaroo in Australia or the well being of the Penguin in the pole, how well are the kids of the Kipsigies in Africa, what’s doing the bald eagle in the Rocky Mountains, our type will participate in a

Congress that handles hearings regarding the ozone in the atmosphere, but he wont ask his children if the had dinner, he just forget them, fixing the world and universal justice is his motto.

This type is so in love in the world that he has neither time nor energy for his on loves, we are facing a cool type he doesn’t externalise his feelings, intimacy is an unknown notion for him his distance from the fellowman makes it very difficult for him to relate in a close matter to an individual.

This son of the goddess is watching the human beings, and doesn’t allow any one to dig in his feelings, there for he don’t know the real meaning of a personal relationship.

“Doctor Dolittle” is the creation of Hugh Lofting, Doctor Dolittle is a doctor who shuns human patients in favour of animals, with whom he can speak in their own languages. He later becomes a naturalist, using his abilities to speak with animals to better understand nature and the history of the world. Go to the movie and  take a look at the ultimate Aquarian.

Another fascinating example for an Aquarian is the legendary Sir Thomas More

1478-1537, also calld Saint Thomas More, T. More was an English lawyer, author, and statesman who in his lifetime earned a  reputation as a  leading humanist ,scholar, and occupied many public offices, including Lord Chancelor, More coined the word “utopia”, a name he gave to an ideal,imaginary island nation whose political system he described in the eponymous book.

In 1935 , four hundred years after his death, Pop Pius XI canonized St Thomas More in the Roman Catholic Church, More was declared Patron Saint of politicians and statesmen by by Pop John Paul II. In 1980, Sir Thomas More was added to the Chrch of England’s calender of saint, yes indeed the ultimate Aquarian.

“I think, therefore I am.”

René Descartes

Famous people Aquarius borne

Lewis Carroll, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Felix Mendelssohn, Abraham Lincoln, George Frederick Handel, Charles Lindberg, Jules Verne, Galileo Galilei, Miko?aj Kopernik, Thomas Alva Edison, Thomas More, Douglas MacArthur,

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

Pieces

Twelves sign in the zodiac. Element – Mutable. Modality – Water. Type – introvert.

Ruling planet – Neptune.  Pieces key sentence  “ I believe”.

Yes, go to the movie, and take a look at picture “ Peter Penn ” J.M. Barrie creation, the ultimate child who is living in a fairy tails world, among kids who didn’t grew up, remaining un mature persons, and preferring to stay un mature.

For those types the name of the game is INTUITION our type thinks from his stomach, I may say that he is a real “astronaut”, since in his mind he is not on our planet, matter of fact no buddy knows were it is, including himself. He is living in world formed by his imagination, he will play any part his imagination will take him to, he really believe in it, even a Polygraph questionary wont find out the truth.

Our type is a very un- materialistic person, he doesn’t relate to the reality of his surroundings, he despises all conventionalities, he is living in some idyllic Utopia, and we humans can’t understand the sphere and logic he is living in,.

He is at his best, creating no matter what just letting his imagination loose, the world of art is his escape, painting, poetry, literature, acting, sculpture, music, you name it.

Another field that this type is in his best, is the esoteric world, the mystic world, the best magicians, forecasters, tarot and coffee readers, astrology, in any esoteric field, he is the best.

OOHH yes he is relaxing near the water, it could be the sea, a seeming poll, lake, pond, fishing, diving, sailing, what ever, the water is giving him the needed inspiration.

“Men are not prisoners of fate, but only prisoners of their own minds”.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Famous people Pieces borne

Monius I.Khoschen-Klein

http://www.monius-astro-site.com/

monius.ikk@gmail.com

Edgar Kasey, Johann Sebastian Bach, Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti, Frédéric François Chopin, Zeppo Marx, Victor Hugo, William Cody Buffalo Bill, Johnnie Cash, David Niven, Mickey Spillane, Albert Einstein, Antonio Vivaldi, Sir Michael Caine,

Note: The description above is only an Ideal type / archetype description.

About the Author

Demotivational posters : Best Laughter Medicine

Fakeposters.com is a platform for viewing various demotivational posters.

Demotivational posters have become very popular nowadays, because they are really funny, hilarious and sarcastic. These posters make everyone laugh and also help people manage their stress level.

Now everyone can create their own demotivational posters online. Fakeposters.com also allows you to edit your demotivational posters. These interesting and attracting features make this website different from others, and they are responsible for attracting the huge number of people which visit and explore this website.

The term Demotivational posters is not very easy to understand. You cannot find the word demotivational in the dictionary. The term demotivational poster represents cynicism and sarcasm. As the name suggests, the term has been derived from the word Motivational posters which are used by various schools and companies to inspire their students and employees.

Due to this reason motivational posters are also called inspirational posters. The link between motivational and demotivational posters is that demotivational posters are simply cynical representation of text or quote which is motivational in nature.

A demotivational poster generally consists of a hilarious picture along with some text. It is believed that a motivational poster leads to a positive behavioral change in people.

Though, this theory has been proved and validated by many experts including Mutrie and Blamey, there are many experts who strongly oppose it. In today’s world the majority of people live hectic, busy or boring lives. It is also true that the humorous and fun element is missing in the lives of most of us.

Fakeposters.com is an online platform where people can relax and take a break from their hectic schedule. Fakeposters.com allows one to select a funny picture, add some sarcastic text and make an interesting demotivational poster. Demotivational posters can be shared by others as well.

It is also possible that people can edit each other’s posters. People can also post sarcastic comments on each other’s posters and thus make the concept of demotivational posters more interesting and popular. One can also upload their Demotivational posters on various social networking sites including Facebook, Twitter etc. A demotivational poster allows people to enhance their creativity.

Another advantage of demotivational posters is that, it can make people smile all over the world. The uploaded Demotivational posters can be viewed and shared by anybody across the world.

Many companies in United States of America are involved in selling such demotivational posters and they make a huge profit out of it. The market business of such companies is great. The reason behind the success of these companies is that they make lot of effort to make the demotivational posters as interesting and as funny as possible. They study the concept on which the poster is based, very extensively.

They also study the customer feedback very carefully and try their best to make the posters more humorous and funny so that people enjoy their posters even more. These companies have an excellent creative team for doing the job of modifying or creating these demotivational posters. Many such companies have their own websites for advertising their demotivational posters.

These companies are expanding their business in other parts of the world to create awareness about demotivational posters and reach new markets.

It is recommended that all of us should visit Fakeposters.com regularly. This will surely help us relax and forget all our problems. All of us must try to ignore the work related tension and make some time for ourselves. It has been well said by somebody that Laughter is the best medicine. Websites like Fakeposters.com is the best application of this quote.

We must create awareness about such websites and make our friends laugh. If everyone starts looking at demotivational posters, the world will surely become a better place to live in.

About the Author

The term Demotivational posters is not very easy to understand. You cannot find the word demotivational in the dictionary. The term demotivational poster represents cynicism and sarcasm.

Sum 41 – Motivation (guitar cover)

Guitar Pro 5 Full Version Free Download

Specifically, I’ll cover the main requirements, which are discipline, starting slowly and not giving in.Guitar Pro 5 Full Version Free Download After you’re done with this article you should be able to with consistent practise and dedication start your journey to learning the guitar.

Discipline is of the utmost importance is you wish to play a guitar well. You should set a time to practise everyday, say 5 pm for 30 minutes and stick to it. Avoid missing any session unless you have no other choice. If you do have to skip a session, then reschedule it as soon as possible.

By setting a schedule and sticking to it, you’ll discover that finding the motivation for practise comes far more readily. Once you have established playing the guitar as a habit then your learning should improve exponentially.

It would also be useful to cut down on distractions as much as possible. TV, internet, phone in fact anything unrelated to learning the guitar should be removed where it’s possible. It is all too easy to take a minute break to do something else and end up losing the entire session. However how should you approach practising the guitar in these sessions. At first the best advice is to start out slowly.

Play EXISTING riffs and patterns with speed and accuracy click here

Starting slowly is vital to learning the guitar. Many people try to play fast before learning about playing well. As with any skill you need to master the basics first. Once this is done the more complex stuff will be much easier to learn. Starting fast and trying to do difficult riffs, songs and so on will usually lead to bad habits. Remember it is easier to learn the right way to play than unlearn the wrong way.

Not giving up plays a huge role in learning to play the guitar. Rome wasn’t built in a day and neither are good guitar players. Learning the guitar requires frequent repetition. When you are starting you must practise the basics until you have mastered them. Remember the person who practises hard can play easily. Repetition leads to improvement, we learn skills by observing others and by repeating them over and over.

As a beginner wishing to learn the guitar you would be wise the follow these simple steps. Develop discipline, practise slowly at first and don’t give up. Put these principles to use and with consistent practise and dedication most people can learn to play the guitar.

CREATE patterns and riffs anytime of the day or night Click here

About the Author

Play with that star guitarist that you always admired. Click here

Motivation to finish writing my songs?

I have a problem. I can come up with killer riffs on the axe that I then transcribe to sheet-music (actually, Guitar-Pro 5).

Well, I don’t know what writer’s block is but it’s all about experience. I have the same problem except I write good but I suck at guitar. For example, if someone close died, write it about how you felt and give it something mysterious like the name “Shades of Black” which might explain that u were hurt about the death that darkness inhabits you, something like that. If your the person that writes stuff like ‘Tallica, I don’t know if I can help you with that. Hope I helped.

ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS OF USE OF ICT AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN TEACHING/LEARNING IN SCHOOLS FROM PUNE CITY

Narendra Sidhaye and Prof. Mrs. Geeta Kamble

ABSTRACT

Keywords: Interactive Teaching, Dialogic Teaching, Multilevel Modeling, IWB.

There has been much concern with the ideas of interactive and dialogic teaching during recent years in India, ideas which have emerged from international comparisons. This paper concerns a research project in Pune which sought to explore how the interactive features of information and communication technology (ICT) support interactivity in teaching. The project found that much use of ICT by good teachers was at a relatively superficial level of interaction, yet when teachers used a deeper, more dialogic, level of interactivity in teaching, they achieved improvements in learning whether they used ICT or not. The potential of ICT to support more dialogic teaching was not being fully exploited.

Multilevel modeling showed positive gains in literacy, mathematics and science for children aged 12 to 15, directly related to the length of time they had been taught with ICT tools. These gains were particularly strong for children of average and above average prior attainment. Classroom observations, together with teacher and pupil interviews, were used to develop a detailed account of how pedagogic practice changed. Results from the multilevel modeling enabled the researchers to visit the classrooms of teachers whose pupils had made exceptional progress and seek to identify what features of pedagogy might have helped to achieve these gains. It was also possible to examine probable reasons for the lack of impact of ICTs on the progress of low prior attainment pupils, despite their enthusiasm for the ICT and improved attention in class. The Interactive White Board is an ideal resource to support whole class teaching. Where teachers had been using ICT for 2 years, there was evidence that all children have made exceptional progress in attainment in class tests. Young children with limited writing skills and older pupils with special educational needs are highly motivated by being able to demonstrate their skills. These effects are greatest when they have the opportunity, individually or in small groups, for extended use of the computers rather than as part of whole class teaching. The ICT is in effect a mediating artifact in interactions between teacher and pupils.

 FULL PAPER

Analysis of Research Findings of Use of ICT and Its Effectiveness in Teaching/Learning in Schools from Pune City

Introduction

In 1995, handful of young engineers from COEP started a Voluntary Organization, ‘Creative Engineers’ with the motto of carrying out different experiments, researches in Educational Field. One of the authors of this paper, Mr. Narendra Sidhaye was The Founder Chairman of the organization. ‘Search The Raw Talent Group’ was set up to find out hidden talent from schools in Pune. By the end of Century all the members of the group felt that ICT in EDUCATION was Buzz Word in G8 nations. Natural question followed, ‘What is the Situation in our country, especially in Pune, the Oxford of the east?’ After lot of deliberations, finally, in 2002 a research was started which is still in force.

The group members carried out a survey of nearly 185 secondary schools in Pune, regarding status of use of ICT, deployment of ICT, interest of school management and teachers for use of ICT in day to day classroom instructions, etc. The picture was shocking. Hardly 15 to 20 teachers were using ICT and that too was limited to PPTs. On this backdrop the group members felt an urgent need to undertake a very systematic and scientific study about Deployment and Practices of ICT in schools of Pune City.

It was decided not just to study the present situation but to encourage use of ICT in teaching/learning, at least to create awareness amongst teachers about effectiveness of use of ICT in education in G8 nations. Laptops were provided to teachers who readily showed willingness to participate in the project. Slowly the number of participating schools as well as different subject teachers grew and is still growing year after year. The group member took help of experts from education field like          Dr. Deshpade, Dr. Patwardhan, Dr. Sanjeev Sonawne. They happily extended the support for analyzing the data, designing experimental models, conducting tests, etc.

In these 8 years, one thing is endorsed; Training is the Key. Teacher training and ongoing relevant professional development are essential if benefits from investment in ICTs are to be maximized. The paper contains important findings about use of ICT by teachers and pupils along with its effectiveness. 

 Objectives of Study

1. Finding the status of deployment of ICT in schools from Pune City
2. Establishing ICT practices in Unaided English Medium Secondary Schools (ICSE, IB, CBSE, and SSC)
3. Promoting use of ICT in teaching and learning as a regular habit.
4. Checking the effectiveness of use of ICT for shorter as well as longer (continuous) time periods.

Sampling

Convenient Sampling was used in the beginning as no school was willing to participate in this project. When it started in 2002, only one school showed interest and the project was kicked off. The efforts of the members paid and in the subsequent years the number grew to 4, 7, 8, 11, 14 and by the end of academic year 2009, there are 21 odd schools.

Method of Study

Survey as well as Experimentation methods were used for this research. Teachers were asked to use ICT for minimum of 7 weeks to continuous use of ICT in selected classes of few schools. Performance of the selected classes is being continuously monitored by team members for last 7 years. The interviews with teachers and students have given valuable inputs to the ongoing study.

The interesting findings of the research are given below in the form of Data Interpretation and conclusions.

Teachers of modern times are slowly appreciating the value of ICT in their work. Never has it been easier to access authentic resources in the target subject and never has it been easier to create reusable resources, whether electronic worksheets, animated presentations or exciting interactive materials. Word processors, presentation software, authoring software and interactive whiteboards are becoming common in Rich Schools and teachers of different subjects use them often and to advantage.

New technologies have changed and continue to change the way different subjects are taught and learnt. Multimedia resources, sometimes related to television series or course books, are available from commercial providers, and contain activities relevant to specific skills and Key Stages. The ease of capturing and editing audio/video makes it easier for the teacher to create own multimedia resources. More recent developments such as blogs, podcasts and wikis open up new possibilities to transform teaching and learning further.

Integrating ICT into your teaching enables you to bring all four language skills into the classroom directly and simply. Text, images, audio and video can be used on the interactive whiteboard, in applications and in resources you create for both whole-class teaching and independent work by pupils.

A great bonus of the increasing presence of ICT in the teaching and learning is that pupils are presented with ever more opportunities for improving learning, and for learning in diverse ways. The text book and traditional teaching clearly still have a major place in teaching and learning but ICT adds a new dimension, which enables learning to be more personalized, more flexible and more varied.

ICT can be used to great effect to improve understanding and performance in the target subject and to improve both learning and ways of learning. The ongoing research clearly reveals certain interesting facts.

Pupils use ICT to:

• Develop skills
  • ICT is not solely a text medium. Pupils can develop all four language skills using modern technology. They can work on text manipulation activities which incorporate images or audio. They can identify and use useful images, sound or video clips on the Internet or CDROMs. They can easily make their own audio or video recordings in completion of a task. They can use audio and video in their own presentations.
• Develop learning skills
  • Pupils can work with ICT to develop their understanding of subject, their analytical and organizational skills and their critical skills. Authoring software can be used to create engaging and challenging activities aimed at developing an understanding of subject.
• Learn in more varied ways
  • Pupils can work effectively at their own pace and level, using differentiated materials or guided learning pathways created by the teacher. Hyperlinks placed in worksheets direct pupils to support materials or activities at higher or lower levels.
  • Pupils can work independently on research and collaboratively on project work.
  • Pupils can work flexibly away from the classroom.
  • Pupils can receive immediate feedback when completing interactive materials created with authoring software. Hyperlinks can also be used in worksheets to link to correct versions: work submitted electronically can be returned to a pupil by e-mail or placed in their area on the school network or VLE (Virtual Learning Environment).

 Communicate with their peers

• • Pupils can use email, video conferencing, blogs, wikis, social networking sites and text messaging to develop their target language in contact with their peers in other countries.

Teachers use ICT to:

• Make whole-class teaching and learning more dynamic.
• Create worksheets and presentations which can include text, images, audio and video. Pupils can manipulate text, listen to audio or watch a video clip before completing gap-fill activities.
• Develop interactive materials with authoring software: such materials may include audio and graphics, and can be used to enable pupils to focus on language, grammar or comprehension skills.
• Create multi-skill tasks
• Develop critical skills in pupils: presentations to their peers by pupils can be evaluated as a whole-class activity using a range of criteria covering, for example, accuracy, range of expression, visual appeal, and technical expertise. Written work completed electronically by pupils can be brought up on the screen or interactive whiteboard and used for whole-class discussion, the pupils working under the teacher’s guidance to identify areas of excellence or areas for improvement.
• Motivate pupils:Research indicates that regular use of ICT increases motivation, especially if used regularly and in several subject areas.
• Develop cross-curricular work:Using Internet resources, common applications and simple editing skills teachers are collaborating with other departments in producing resources for teaching topics of common interest. For example, a regional study of London could be covered in English classes and also, even partly in Geography lessons.

Finally to connect the research findings to our sub theme of paper, one must know what is Andragogy? Andragogy is almost the opposite of Pedagogy. Pedagogy is the style of teaching that is practiced in most of our public schools. Pedagogy is a model for learning. It means, the teacher is in charge of disseminating all the knowledge. The students are to absorb everything from the teacher, who is the expert in the area being taught. It is not necessary to have a high interaction between the students and the teacher. The lesson does not depend on the past experiences of the student. This works pretty well for children, but usually not very well for adults. As a matter of fact, the average adult will probably dislike this kind of instruction.

Andragogy is different. Andragogy is another model of instruction in which the student plays a large part in what is being taught. The teacher is more a facilitator than an expert. They may be completely knowledgeable in this subject area, but it is up to the teacher to bring out the knowledge the students already have that relates to the subject. Andragogy can also be called “Adult Learning Theory”. This model of instruction encourages interaction between student and teacher, as a matter of fact, it depends on it. Following important research findings must be borne in mind while implementing ICT in teacher education.

ROLE OF THE TEACHER

1. Teachers remain central to the learning process
   A shift in the role of a teacher utilizing ICTs to that of a facilitator are not substitute for traditional teacher leadership skills and practices. These are still important (especially those related to lesson planning, preparation and follow-up).
2. Lesson planning is crucial when using ICTs
   Teacher lesson planning is vital when using ICTs; where little planning has occurred; research shows that student work is often unfocused and can result in lower attainment.

PEDAGOGY

1. Introducing technology alone will not change the teaching and learning process
   The existence of ICTs does not transform teacher practices in and of itself. However, ICTs can enable teachers to transform their teacher practices, given a set of enabling conditions. Teachers’ pedagogical practices and reasoning influence their uses of ICT, and the nature of teacher ICT use impacts student achievement.
2. ICTs seen as tools to help teachers create more ‘learner-centric’ learning environments
   The researches have shown that the most effective uses of ICT are those in which the teacher, aided by ICTs, can challenge pupils’ understanding and thinking, either through whole-class discussions and individual/small group work using ICTs. ICTs are seen as important tools to enable and support the move from traditional ‘teacher-centric’ teaching styles to more ‘learner-centric’ methods.
3. Using ICTs as tools for information presentation is of mixed effectiveness
   The use of ICTs as presentation tools (through overhead and LCD projectors, television, electronic whiteboards, guided “web-tours”, where students simultaneously view the same resources on computer screens) is seen to be of mixed effectiveness. While it may promote class understanding of and discussion about difficult concepts (especially through the display of simulations), such uses of ICTs can re-enforce traditional pedagogical practices and divert focus from the content of what is being discussed or displayed to the tool being utilized. Thus, it has totally defeated the whole purpose of using ICT in education.

TEACHER TECHNICAL ABILITIES AND KNOWLEDGE OF ICTs

1. Preparing teachers to benefit from ICT use is about more than just technical skills
   Teacher technical mastery of ICT skills is a not a sufficient precondition for successful integration of ICTs in teaching.
2. ‘One-off training’ is not sufficient
   Teachers require extensive, on-going exposure to ICTs to be able to evaluate and select the most appropriate resources. However, the development of appropriate pedagogical practices is seen as more important that technical mastery of ICTs.
3. Few teachers have broad ‘expertise’ in using ICTs in their teaching
   Even in the most advanced school in G8 countries; very few teachers typically have a comprehensive knowledge of the wide range of ICT tools and resources.
4. In India, the use of ICTs to promote ‘computer literacy’ is seen as less important than in using ICTs as teaching and learning tools
   The use of technology in everyday teaching and learning activities appears to be more important than specific instruction in “computer classes”. While the development of technology skills is seen to have a role in the teaching and learning process, it is more important as an enabler of other teaching and learning practices, and not too important in and of itself. Schools that report the highest levels of student ICT-related skills and experience are often not those with heavy computer course requirements, but rather ones that made use of ICTs on a routine basis throughout the teacher professional development and the teaching and learning process.
5. Students are more sophisticated in their use of technology than teachers
   There appears to be a great disconnect between student knowledge and usage of ICTs the knowledge and abilities of teacher to use ICTs. This suggests that teacher inexperience and skill deficiencies may often be an important factor inhibiting the effectiveness of ICT use in education by students.

TEACHER USAGE OF ICTs

1. Teachers most commonly use ICTs for administrative tasks
   Teachers most often use ICTs for ‘routine tasks’ (record keeping, lesson plan development, information presentation, basic information searches on the Internet).  
2. More knowledgeable teachers rely less on “computer assisted instruction”
   Teachers more knowledgeable in ICTs utilize computer assisted instruction less than other teachers who use ICTs, but utilize ICTs more overall.
3. How teachers use ICTs is dependent on their general teaching styles
   Types of usage of ICTs correlate with teacher pedagogical philosophies. Teachers who use ICTs the most — and the most effectively — are less likely to use traditional ‘transmission-method’ pedagogies. Teachers who use more types of software tend to practice more “constructivist” pedagogies.
4. Teaching with ICTs takes more time
   Introducing and using ICTs to support teaching and learning is time consuming for teachers, both as they attempt to shift pedagogical practices and strategies and when such strategies are used regularly. Simply put: Teaching with ICTs takes more time (estimates vary on how much extra time is required to cover the same material; 10% is a common estimate). But in countries like India, where there is Power Shortages, this time may be as high as 25%.

TEACHER CONFIDENCE AND MOTIVATION

1. Few teachers are confident users of ICTs
   Few teachers are confident in using a wide range of ICT resources, and limited confidence affects the way the lesson is conducted.
2. Fear prevents many teachers from using ICTs
   Many teachers still fear using ICTs, and thus are reluctant to use them in their teaching.
3. ICTs motivate (some) teachers, at least at the start
   At least initially, exposure to ICTs can be an important motivation tool to promote and enable teacher professional development.
4. Incentives must be developed to promote effective teacher participation in continuing professional development
   Teachers require additional motivation and incentives to participate actively in professional development activities. A variety of incentives can be used, including certification, professional advancement, pay increases, paid time off to participate in professional development, formal and informal recognition at the school and community levels and among peers, reduced isolation, and enhanced productivity.
5. Access to ICTs is the most significant factor in whether teachers use them
   The most significant factor for continuing the development of teachers’ ICT-related skills is for them to have regular access to functioning and relevant ICT equipment.

SUBJECT KNOWLEDGE

1. Teachers’ subject knowledge influences how ICTs are used
   The way ICT is used in lessons is influenced by teacher knowledge about their subjects, and how ICT resources can be utilized and related to it.
2. Teacher content mastery and understanding of student comprehension make ICT use more effective 
   The evidence shows that when teachers use their knowledge of both the subject and the way pupils understand the subject; their use of ICT has a more direct effect on student achievement.
3. Exposure to new/additional information via ICTs is not enough
   The effect on attainment is greatest when pupils are challenged to think and to question their own understanding, rather than on exposure to new and additional information.
4. ICTs can aid teacher self-learning in subject matter
   By providing access to updated and additional learning resources, ICTs can enable teacher self-learning in his/her subject area.

TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

1. On-going teacher training and support is critical to the successful utilization of ICTs in education
   Teacher training and professional development is seen as the key driver for the successful usage of ICTs in education.
2. Teacher professional development is a process, not an event
   Traditional one-time teacher training workshops have not been seen as effective in helping teachers to feel comfortable using ICTs, let alone in integrating it successfully into their teaching. Discrete, ‘one-off’ training events are seen as less effective than on-going professional development activities.
3. Introducing ICTs expands the needs for on-going professional development of teachers
   Effective ICT use in education increases teachers’ training and professional development needs. However, ICTs can be important tools to help meet such increased needs, by helping to provide access to more and better educational content, aid in routine administrative tasks, provide models and simulations of effective teaching practices, and enable learner support networks, both in face to face and distance learning environments, and in real time or asynchronously.
4. Successful teacher professional development models can be divided into three phases
   Successful on-going professional development models can be divided into three phases: pre-service, focusing on initial preparation on pedagogy, subject mastery, management skills and use of various teaching tools (including ICTs); in-service, including structured face-to-face and distance learning opportunities building upon pre-service training and directly relevant to teacher needs; and on-going formal and informal pedagogical and technical support, enabled by ICTs, for teachers, targeting daily needs and challenges.
5. Effective teacher professional development should model effective teaching practices
   Effective teacher professional development should approximate the classroom environment as much as possible. “Hands-on” instruction on ICT use is necessary where ICT is deemed to be a vital component of the teaching and learning process. In addition, professional development activities should model effective practices and behaviors and encourage and support collaboration between teachers. On-going professional development at the school level, using available ICT facilities, is seen as a key driver for success, especially when focused on the resources and skills directly relevant to teachers’ everyday needs and practices.
6. On-going, regular support for teachers is crucial
   On-going and regular support is essential to support teacher professional development and can be facilitated through the use of ICTs (in the form of web sites, discussion groups, e-mail communities, radio or television broadcasts).

ENABLING FACTORS

1. A variety of changes must be implemented to optimize teacher use of ICTs
   Shifting pedagogies, redesigning the curriculum and assessment, and providing more autonomy to the schools help to optimize the use of ICT. With sufficient enabling factors in place, teachers can utilize ICTs in as ‘constructivist’ a manner as their pedagogical philosophies would permit.
2. Functioning technical infrastructure is (obviously) crucial
   Teachers must have adequate access to functioning computers, and be provided with sufficient technical support, if they are to use ICTs effectively.
3. Introducing ICTs takes time
   Adequate time must be allowed for teachers to develop new skills, explore their integration into their existing teaching practices and curriculum, and undertake necessary additional lesson planning, if ICTs are to be used effectively.
4. Support from school administration and the community can be important
   Support of school administrators and, in some cases, the surrounding community, for teacher use of ICTs is seen as critical if ICTs are to be used at all, let alone effectively. For this reason, targeted outreach to both groups is often necessary if investments in ICTs to support education are to be optimized.
5. Lessons learned from introducing ICTs in education need to be shared
   As the introduction of ICTs to aid education is often part of a larger change or reform process, it is vital that successful uses of ICTs are promoted and disseminated.

 CONCLUSIONS

1. ICTs are used in education in two general ways: to support existing ‘traditional’ pedagogical practices (teacher-centric, lecture-based, rote learning) as well as to enable more learner-centric, ‘constructivist’ learning models. Research suggests that both are useful, but that ICTs are most effective when they help to enable learner-centric pedagogies.
2. However, studies of ICT use in Developing Countries like India suggest that, despite rhetoric that ICTs can enable new types of teaching and learning styles, for the most part they are being used to support traditional learning practices.
3. Additional barriers to effective use of ICTs in education are very well present in the form of LACK of BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE in our Country

 SELECTED REFERENCES

• American Federation of Teacher, at http://www.aft.org.
• Bast, Joseph L. Harmer, (12 March 1997) “ICT and Educational Freedom: A Debate”
• Becta (2002) ICT Supporting Teaching – Developing Effective Practice
• Bielefeldt (2001) Technology in Teacher Education: A Closer Look
• Burniske (2006) Breaking Down the Digital Walls: Learning to Teach in a Post-Modem World
• Carlson (2002) The Missing Link in Educational Technology: Trained Teachers
• Carlson (2008) Teacher Professional Development in the Use of Technology
• Centre for Education Reform, at http://www.edreform.com/
• Childhood Education and Care: Background Report for the United Kingdom, Dec 2002.
• Cox (2003) ICT and pedagogy: A review of the research literature
• Department for Education, Govt. of UK: You Can Profit From Educational ICT
• EDC (2008) Multichannel Learning Maximizes Scarce Resources in Developing Countries: A theory evolves from years of practical experience
• Edmondson (2002) What styles of computer training enhance teachers’ competence and confidence to use ICT?
• Education and Employment Committee of House of Commons Session 1996199, Third Report, Research and Library Services Division.
• Friedman M., (1982) Capitalism and Freedom, University of Chicago Press
• Guruchran Das (8th August 2008) Article in Daily Sakal, All Editions
• Jager (1999) Impacts of ICT in education. The role of the teacher and teacher training  
  • King, E., Rawlings, L., Gutierrez, M., Pardo, C., and Torres (1998) The World Bank Report
  • Kozma (2007) Technology, Innovation, and Educational Change: A Global Perspective
  • Milken Family Foundation (1999) Information Technology: Underused in Teacher Education
  • Schoolnet Africa (2004) Towards a Strategy on Developing African Teacher Capabilities in the Use of ICT
  • UNESCO (2003) Building Capacity of Teachers/Facilitators in Technology-Pedagogy Integration for Improved Teaching and Learning
  • UNESCO – Bangkok (2004) Teacher professional development on ICT Use in Education in Asia and Pacific: Overview from selected countries
  • Unpublished Research Findings of ‘Search The Raw Talent Group’ by Creative Engineers

• Becta (2008) What Research says about ICT & Teacher Continuing Professional Development

About the Author

1. Mr. Narendra Sidhaye holds a Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering. He has also completed his Masters in Education from University of Pune. He has devoted himself to the cause of education. He is founder chairman of Creative Engineers, a voluntary organization of engineers dedicated to the cause of Basic Education. He is working as an independent researcher in the field of education for last 15 years. The organization has carried out many research projects in Basic Research as well as Action Research Category.

2. Prof. Mrs. Geeta Kamble