Making of Hollywood Body Club Trainer Max “The Body” Motivational Calendar Vol. 6

Exercises For Abs – Visualization a Technique That Keeps You Motivated

Visualization is a tool which you can easily learn and apply daily. Find a quiet place, close your eyes and imagine a body you want to have. Don’t rush. Take your time and enjoy what you see. Imagine how you would feel, other people reactions and, especially, the joy. Once you have your image ready you can go back to it every time you want regardless the place. My advice is to use this technique as often as possible but at least twice a day. Let it be the first thing you do after you wake up and the last thing before you fall asleep.

The important thing you need to be aware of is the fact that visualization can be a double edge sword. If the image you created is corrupted in any way it can lead to a disaster or at least you not achieving anything. If everyone around keeps saying that you will never have a six pack because of whatever reason and you let them affect the image in your mind you have already failed. One of the ways to deal with this kind of situation is to go back to your original picture of your body and the feelings you originally felt.

If you have problems creating a dream body image in your mind there is another technique which will help. Create a poster from a magazine. It’s simple as that. You just pick a picture of a body you like, cut off the face and paste your own. Next, place the poster in the place you can easily see it everyday. In fact this technique is even more powerful than simple visualization as it involves physical tasks. You probably noticed that when you physically do something you remember it for a long time.

As you can see now it’s very simple tool to apply and follow. But you won’t get dreamed six pack if you just keep imagining it. Visualization is a very powerful technique that keeps you motivated and helps you focus on your goal but on it’s owns it won’t change your body. Only hard, consistent work can do it.

To your success!

Gerry Jameson

http://exercises-for-abs.net/

About the Author

Gerry Jameson is 41 years old, happily married with two daughters and living in Dundee. His passion is Personal Development especially if it comes to improving health and weight loss

He struggled to lose weight for years until 2007 when he achieved his goal and ditched 43 pounds in total.

He managed to change his diet, fitness level and most importantly mindset which resulted in dreamed weight loss.

Now his intention is to help others who struggles as he did in the past to achieve their goals.

http://exercises-for-abs.net/

Motivational Interviewing, Second Edition: Preparing People for Change $42.78 This bestselling work has introduced hundreds of thousands of professionals and students to motivational interviewing (MI), a proven approach to helping people overcome ambivalence that gets in the way of change. William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick explain current thinking on the process of behavior change, present the principles of MI, and provide detailed guidelines for putting it into practi…

Motivational Interviewing in Health Care: Helping Patients Change Behavior (Applications of Motivational Interviewin) $21.41 Much of health care today involves helping patients manage conditions whose outcomes can be greatly influenced by lifestyle or behavior change. Written specifically for health care professionals, this concise book presents powerful tools to enhance communication with patients and guide them in making choices to improve their health, from weight loss, exercise, and smoking cessation, to medication…

Building Motivational Interviewing Skills: A Practitioner Workbook (Applications of Motivational Interviewin) $29.47 Developing expertise in motivational interviewing (MI) takes practice, which is exactly the point of this engaging, user-friendly workbook. The volume is packed with real-world examples from a range of clinical settings, as well as sample interactions and hands-on learning activities. The author is an experienced MI researcher, clinician, and trainer who facilitates learning with quizzes, experien…

Hef-Crystal Harris Split-Hugh Hefner Solid, Live Fearless Host Sam Botta at Playboy Mansion HD HQ

Do Readers Care if A Book Is Self-Published?

I have a different definition of self-publishing.

Over the years I have developed projects on my own, notably seminar workbooks, audio seminars, and videos. I rented studio space, used a producer/editor, whom I also compensated, and I handled every detail of product layout, printing and promotion.

I decided exactly how many copies to produce, brochure copy for direct mailing, pricing, and so on.

Occasionally, I’ve encountered some technical difficulties, but on balance, the physical products have been decent to quite presentable. I would say they are on par with what outside publishers have done for me, vis a vis quality.

To me, the attraction of self-publishing has always been speed-to-market. Most titles and projects are rather perishable. In conventional publishing, the gestation period is far too long, to write a proposal, shop the title, negotiate contracts, go through the editing process, and finally see a product on a bookstore’s shelf. The best case scenario is about a year, in my experience, and then one’s time is devoted to endless interviews, if you are a good publicist.

My last two books have become audio programs, published by a respected, 50 year young, outside firm. Their speed to market is half or less that of traditional book publishers.

This week, I declined to submit a book proposal to a conventional publisher, though I had successfully queried it and my agent was keen to follow-through.

If my treatment is to be a book, I’ll probably publish it, electronically. If it sells, then I might pitch it for print.

Ultimately, just as I find myself saying to people, “I was talking with someone, yesterday” when I wasn’t talking at all, I was emailing, I think we’ll see the distinctions between self-published, e-books and conventional volumes, blur.

“What is a book?” and “Who is an author?” and “What is a publisher?”

These questions will only get us so far.

I prefer those we used to ask when I worked in sales and sales management at Time-Life Books:

“How can we increase book readership?” and “How can we make it nearly effortless for them to try new titles, without risk?”

The success of e-books and the relative decline of conventional printings may end up hinging on a small “process value” that is being overlooked, yet is important to readers.

Though I buy numerous books, and I love the feel, look, and even fragrance of them, I am so used to being able to ENLARGE THE FONT SIZE AT WILL ON THE WEB, that I find it’s frustrating to not be able to do so, without a Kindle or similar reader.

Ultimately, I suspect readers will be less inclined to judge a book based on whether it has a cover, or based on who published it.

Dr. Gary S. Goodman is a top speaker, sales, service, and negotiation consultant, attorney, TV and radio commentator and the best-selling author of 12 books. He conducts seminars and speaks at convention programs around the world. His new audio program is Nightingale-Conant’s “Crystal Clear Communication: How to Explain Anything Clearly in Speech & Writing.” His web site is:http://www.customersatisfaction.com and he can be contacted at gary@customersatisfaction.com.

About the Author

Dr. Gary S. Goodman is a top speaker, sales, service, and negotiation consultant, attorney, TV and radio commentator and the best-selling author of 12 books. He conducts seminars and speaks at convention programs around the world. His new audio program is Nightingale-Conant’s “Crystal Clear Communication: How to Explain Anything Clearly in Speech & Writing.” He can be contacted at gary@customersatisfaction.com.

Mr. T’s Be Somebody or Be Somebody’s Fool [VHS] $29.98 …

Larger Than Life [VHS] $2.39 Jack Corcoran (Bill Murray) is a mildly successful motivational speaker on the lower end of the trade-show circuit. At his engagement party, he finds out his long-believed-dead dad has only recently died, leaving him a large inheritance. Of course, Jack doesn’t know how large until he meets a suspicious lawyer (Harve Presnel) who unloads Dad’s prized possession: a four-ton circus elephant named Ve…

Loretta Laroche: Humor Your Stress [VHS] $0.95 Continuing where she left off in The Joy of Stress, Loretta LaRoche, comedian-therapist extraordinaire, delves deeper into the techniques you can use to let go of your stress in Humor Your Stress. Learning to applaud yourself is the theme of this tape, and she does this by helping you to start “ta-dahing.” Using her eight steps of enlightenment to relieve stress, you’ll cover the serious and the s…

The Secret (Extended Edition) $10.99 Not really a movie or documentary, The Secret is more of a video seminar, a presentation featuring a series of authors, philosophers, doctors, quantum physicists, entrepreneurs, and spiritual practitioners expounding on the powers of The Secret (probably the most well-known of the presenters is Jack Canfield, author of Chicken Soup for the Soul and The Success Principles). What is The Secret, exac…

Peaceful Warrior (Widescreen) $10.00 Rising gymnast Dan Millman (Scott Mechlowicz, EuroTrip) has everything a college male could want: physical prowess, good grades, a chance at Olympic gold, and a parade of attractive girls eager to sleep with him. So why is his sleep troubled by violent dreams? While wandering late at night, he meets a mysterious man (Nick Nolte, Affliction) working at a service station, who sends Dan on a quest fo…

Relationship Skills, People Skills Motivational Training Video from Seminars on DVD

Best Workout DVD’s Seen on TV

The following workout dvd’s which have been featured on tv have been favored by the masses and have become remarkable best sellers. Everyone has their own goals when it comes to their own health and fitness, wether it would be to lose weight, burn fat, build muscle, tone, lose their belly or get ripped abs and find the right diet to go with their workout – these as seen on tv workout DVD’s have been proven to help people meet their goals. If you have the motivation and dedication to follow a workout dvd, you see many benefits such as transforming your body, improving your overall health and fitness, improved quality of life, improved immune system, more energy, save money from hiring a professioanl trainer or joining a gym and more! Some people just don’t have the time to make it to the gym, don’t want to spend hundreds of dollars or like many prefer to just do it in the comfort of their own home, they’ve found great success in workout dvd’s.

Beachbody has launched best selling exercise dvd’s for a very long time and are well known for their infomercials featuring top workout celebrities such as Shaun T, Chalene Johnson, Tony Horton, Debbie Seiber and others. P90X is a revolutionary system of 12 sweat-inducing, muscle-pumping workouts, designed to transform your body from regular to ripped in just 90 days. You’ll also receive a comprehensive 3-phase nutrition plan, specially designed supplement options, a detailed fitness guide, a calendar to track your progress, online peer support, and much more. Your personal trainer, Tony Horton, will keep you engaged every step of the way, and you won’t believe your results! INSANITY® is the hardest workout program ever put on DVD. Your personal trainer Shaun T will push you past your limits with 10 workout discs packed with plyometric drills on top of nonstop intervals of strength, power, resistance, and ab and core training moves. TurboFire® is the intense new cardio conditioning program from fitness innovator Chalene Johnson. She’ll help you get leaner with exercises that burn up to 9x more fat than regular cardio does. And with more than 20 smoking-hot music remixes, TurboFire will pick you up and push you past your limits. Slim in 6® will literally reshape your body in 6 weeks using the science of Slim Training®, which combines cardio with light resistance to help you burn fat and sculpt a lean, sexy body—especially your abs, thighs and buns.

Thousands of people have lost up to 25 pounds in just 6 weeks with this breakthrough system. The package includes three full-body workouts, plus the Simple Steps to Success guidebook, a Step-by-Step Nutrition Guide, a Motivational calendar to help you chart progress, a tape measure so you can watch the inches melt away, a bonus abs routine, a bonus flexibility routine and a 6-Day Express™ Diet Plan to help you lose up to 6 pounds in your first week! More popular As Seen on TV Workout DVD’s can be found at SeenTV Canada (www.seentvcanada.com).

About the Author

SeenTV Canada is a catalogue of the most popular As Seen on TV Products.For more information on Turbo Fire Workout DVD and Insanity Workout DVD please vesit our site.

Is the book by Laura Day “How to Rule the World from your Coach” worth purchasing?

Looking for a great positive and motivational book using the laws of attraction, etc. I have read and have the Secret DVD. Thanks.

I was going to say get it from the library, read it, and decide for yourself. sounds like you done everything but decide. Is it so good you might want to read it again? even dip into it from your own library shelves?

Let’s Get It: Thug Motivation 101 $6.79 Young Jeezy is hardly breaking new ground in rapping endlessly about the similarities between the trap game and the rap game. He joins a distinguished line of former ‘caine slangers turned MC–Scarface, Jay-Z, the Clipse, Biggie, etc. However, despite the familiarity of Jeezy’s topics, this Atlanta rapper has managed to make a bi-coastal splash through the strength of his mic presence and charisma…

The Potter House Presents – T.D. Jakes – Still Friends $4.95 Studio: Cerebellum Corporation Release Date: 10/24/2006…

Jakes T D-Its Under My Feet $5.54 Studio: Cerebellum Corporation Release Date: 02/13/2007…

Mr. T’s Be Somebody or Be Somebody’s Fool [VHS] $29.98 …

Larger Than Life [VHS] $2.39 Jack Corcoran (Bill Murray) is a mildly successful motivational speaker on the lower end of the trade-show circuit. At his engagement party, he finds out his long-believed-dead dad has only recently died, leaving him a large inheritance. Of course, Jack doesn’t know how large until he meets a suspicious lawyer (Harve Presnel) who unloads Dad’s prized possession: a four-ton circus elephant named Ve…

The Will To Work – Motivational Skills – Clip from the DVD

Forward Looking Promotions Using Dvd And Cd Printing Services

Kurb promotions provides CD Printing, CD duplication, DVD Printing and DVD duplication and a range of services related to CD and DVD disc services and packaging – we’ve been doing some of the cheapest deals available on CD and DVD services – so if you’re looking for CD Printing in Auckland, look up Kurb for the cheapest deals and best services. So yeah I just ramble on this blog because it helps me think. Not necessarily about CD Printing but I use the original text to help out with my marketing business, it’s a long and technical story but yeah, later I post them on my romantech blog so that’s how it is. I’m concerned about my motivation, I believe in seeking purity I will find motivation. Maybe, I think it’s worked before, so I’m willing to trust.

I’m obsessed with the re-establishing process of the narrative, I’m not even sure if there’s much left to establish. I here these well being tunes and they’re giving me vibes. Deep, soulful, solid but looking forward, Man, it’ll take years to be established in my own way doing my thing. I’ll be old. That’s what I find myself doing, establishing a character I can work with for 5 years, and then be in a position to fade back into a smaller role in my own drama. If I can find singers, models, actors that can move into my role of driving a narrative I’ll do that and continue to play a supporting role, contribute music, etc.

In 5 years I want to end the story. I mean that’s just a concept, but after 5 years of looking for fame and love and art, I’m sure my story would have matured to the point I’d want to do more interesting, close ended projects. That seems achievable, if I can be doing a video and sing every week by next year, with a sweet mailing list and website, I’ll be cooking. But let’s face up to the reality – without gigs I’ll feel unloved for sure, and may be out of touch. But whatever, I think I know well, there’s nothing really worth not doing what feel slight because it will always Challenge you, sure. My biggest challenge will be the motivation and commitment of doing my video and song every week. I’m obsessed with it to the point I can’t just start. Maybe just me and shine outside 7 covering everything, including cd printing services in Auckland. “It’s for my youtube; I’m doing my official youtube channel. I used to be kin of a big deal on myspace back when, so I’m trying to get the vibe going online again,” “To me my BMW isn’t just a car, it’s a symbol of success, of pulling myself out of adversity, of hope.”

So I need to get my own place which is sweet so I can get on my own vibe on. Not just girls, but creative vibes as well, especially for video, that’s where I need to be getting super focused, and also providing CD Printing and DVD Printing. For more information visit us at: http://www.CD-DVD-Duplication.co.nz

About the Author

Matt Turner is director of Kurb Promotions (www.kurb.co.nz), a New Zealand based company offering comprehensive and affordable CD Printing and  DVD Printing services to entertainers and small businesses around the world offering internet marketing packages, video marketing.

anthony robbins best work?

i find him very motivational and i would like to find out more of his work
currently i only know of his book awaken the giant within
but im thinking id love to SEE something
what Dvd’s does he have and what ones do you think are the best ones

He is still most famous for “Awaken the Giant Within,” which is about motivating yourself to do things by getting “leverage” — you have to ask yourself, “I want to lose weight, but I can’t…what kinds of bad things will happen if I don’t get down to a healthy weight?”

What is Motivational Interviewing with Mary Dugan, PhD $25.00 Motivational Interviewing is a tool for use in helping peopleresolve their ambivalence, or internal conflict, aboutchanging their behavior. This training covers what MI is,why you hear people talking about the Spirit of MI and whythat that is so important. You will learn how MI works andwhy, and be given resources for further learning or findinginformation, and for comparing MI with other approach…

The use of motivational interviewing techniques to enhance the efficacy of guided self-help behavioral weight loss treatment. $69.00 This study assessed whether motivational interviewing (MI), applied as part of a standard guided self-help (GSH) behavioral weight loss treatment, reduced attrition rate and improved participant weight loss and other eating-related and general psychological measures. The study also included assessments based on two theories of motivated behavior, to assess whether these measures predicted treatmen…

Gender Equity Woman Empowerment

GENDER EQUITY WOMAN EMPOWERMENT

Abstract

Empowerment is a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional and multi-layered concept. Women’s empowerment is a process in which women gain greater share of control over resources – material, human and intellectual like knowledge, information, ideas and financial resources like money – and access to money and control over decision-making in the home, community, society and nation, and to gain `power’. According to the Country Report of Government of India, “Empowerment means moving from a position of enforced powerlessness to one of power”.

If NGO employees are advocating behavior change for self-empowerment such behaviour must also be modeled for successful transmission as suggested in the self-efficacy models of behavior change. Rural NGOs in India that depend on local population for employees face a limited labor pool who are as likely to be vulnerable to the traditional social pressures and therefore equally marginalized as their clients. This may cause a gap between what the employees may be trained to ‘preach’ and what they may ‘practice’ thereby diminishing their effectiveness to motivate change. We examine the employees of a successful rural NGO in India that has received accolades for its work in empowerment to establish if the employees actually ‘walk the talk’. Using three empowerment instruments, including one developed for this study, we find that employees indeed ‘walk the talk’ and their index of empowerment is related to their tenure in the NGO.

“Fight for gender equality is not a fight against men. It is a fight against traditions that have chained them – a fight against attitudes that are ingrained in the society – it is a fight against system – a fight against proverbial Laxshman Rekha which is different for men and different for women. The society must rise to the occasion. It must recognize & accept fact that men and women are equal partners in life. They are individual who have their own identity”.

– Dr. Justice A.S. Anand

Introduction

Man and woman are both equal and both plays a vital role in the creation and development of their families in a particular and the society in general. Indeed, the struggle for legal equality has been one of the major concerns of the women’s movement all over the world. In India, since long back, women were considered as an oppressed section of the society and they were neglected for centuries. During the national struggle for independence, Gandhi gave a call of emancipation of women. He wrote – :I am uncompromising in the matter of women’s rights. The difference in sex and physical form denotes no difference in status. Woman is the complement of man, and not inferior”. Thus, the first task in post-independent India was to provide a constitution to the people, which would not make any distinctions on the basis of sex. The preamble of constitution promises to secure to all its citizens- “Justice- economical, social, and political”. The constitution declares that the equality before the law and the equal protection of laws shall be available for all . Similarly, there shall be no discrimination against any citizen on the ground of sex . Article 15(1) guarantees equalities of opportunities for all citizens in matters of employment. Article 15(3) provides that the state can make any special provisions for women and children. Besides, directive principle of state policy which concern women directly and have a special bearing on their status directly and have a special bearing on their status include Article 39(a) right to an adequate means of livelihood; (d) equal pay for equal wok both men and women, (e) protection of health and strength of workers –men, women, children and Article 42 provides for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.

It is really important to note that though the Constitution of India is working since more than fifty-seven years – the raising of the status of women to one of equality, freedom and dignity is still a question mark.

The empowerment of women is one of the central issues in the process of development of countries all over the world. The contribution of writers and social reformers has been well documented. The Government of India has made Empowerment of Women as one of the principal objectives of the Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002) and also declared 2001 as the year of ‘Women’s Empowerment’. These issues of gender equality are discussed in World Conferences, National and International Conferences, etc. Our Constitution has conferred and guaranteed equality before law, universal adult franchise and equal opportunities for men and women as fundamental rights. The imperative of gender partnership in matters of development has been recognised. In order to give a fillip to empowerment of women and appropriate institutional mechanisms and interventions have been consciously built into the development design.

Separate institutions for women and child development, departments at the Central and State levels, creation of the National Commission for Women and also State Commission for Women in several States are some of the important developments for the betterment and prosperity of women. The launching of Rashtriya Mahila Kosh, Indira Mahila Yojana, Mahila Samridhi Yojana, reserving of one third of the number of seats in Panchayats and the local bodies are programmes launched with a view to improve and empower women socially, economically and in political frontiers.

Empowerment is a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional and multi-layered concept. Women’s empowerment is a process in which women gain greater share of control over resources – material, human and intellectual like knowledge, information, ideas and financial resources like money – and access to money and control over decision-making in the home, community, society and nation, and to gain `power’. According to the Country Report of Government of India, “Empowerment means moving from a position of enforced powerlessness to one of power”.

Women constitute almost 50% of the world’s population. As per as their social status is concerned, they are not treated as equal to men in all the places, through in the western countries women are treated on par with men in most of the fields, their counterpart in the east suffers from many disabilities. The disabilities on the one hand and the inequalities between men and women on the other, have given rise to what is known “Gender problem”. All one the world and particularly in South and East Asia and Africa the gender problem has assumed importance during the recent years the gender issue has become virtually a crucial point of argument. It is now widely believed that empowerment of women i.e., providing equal rights, opportunities and responsibilities to women, will go a long way in removing the existing gender discrimination. Women empowerment in contemporary Indian society in forms of their work, education, health and media images in the forms of their work, education, health and media images in the context of lineage, rule of residence and household chores, their context of lineage, rule of residence and household chores, their participation in social and political activities, their legal status in terms of marriage, divorce and inheritance of property, seeking wealth care should be taken into consideration. Empowerment in terms of knowledge and awareness of ones own life and society including legal raise their status with regarded to the lives.

Meaning

Gender Inequalities refers to the obvious or hidden disparities among individuals based on the performance of gender. This problem in simple term is known as Gender Bias which in simple terms means the gender stratification or making difference between a girl and a boy i.e. a male or a female. In making biasness among the gender India has 10th rank out of 128 countries all over the world which is shameful for us . But this problem is increasing although government has banned the pre-natal sex examination. In India (in the older times) this problem is mainly seen in the rural areas because many rural people think that the girl child is burden on them. But now this is also being seen in the urban areas i.e. in offices, institutions, schools and in society. The afflicted world in which we live is characterised by deeply unequal sharing of the burden of adversities between women and men. Gender Inequality exists in most part of the world, from Japan to Morocco, or from Uzbekistan to United States of America (as stated earlier).

However, inequality between men and women can take very many different forms. Indeed, gender inequality is not one homogeneous phenomenon, but a collection of disparate and interlinked problems. The issue of gender inequality is one which has been publicly reverberating through society for decades. The problem of inequality in employment being one of the most pressing issues today. In order to examine this situation one must try to get to the root of the problem and must understand the sociological factors that cause women to have a much more difficult time getting the same benefits, wages, and job opportunities as their male counterparts. The society in which we live has been shaped historically by males.

Before thinking about the empowerment of women, one needs to understand the exact meaning of the word empowerment. According to Cambridge English Dictionary empowerment means “to authorize”. In the context of the people they have to be authorized to have control over their lives. When applied in the context of development the particular segment of population, the poor, the women, the vulnerable, the weak, the oppressed and the discriminated have to be “empowered” to have control over their lives to better their socioeconomic and political conditions,. But the questions raised are, who empowers them and how to empower them? Ideally speaking no one empowers any one,

the best way us ‘self empowerment’, by the segments of population mentioned above are handicapped both structurally and culturally to empower themselves without any outside help and affirmative action by the State and others. But still as long as these segments of population does not make any effort at self-employment. It would be long and arduous task and process for the outsiders to empower them.

Since the 1990’s women have been identified as key agents of sustainable development and women’s equality and empowerment are seen as central to a more holistic approach towards establishing new patterns and processes of development that are sustainable. The World Bank has suggested that empowerment of women should be a key aspect of all social development programs (World Bank, 2001). Although a considerable debate on what constitutes empowerment exists, in this paper we find it useful to rely on Kabeer’s (2001) definition: “The expansion in people’s ability to make strategic life choices in a context where this ability was previously denied to them.” For women in India, this suggests empowerment in several realms: personal, familial, economic and political. Since the 1980’s the Government of India has shown increasing concern for women’s issues through a variety of legislation promoting the education and political participation of women (Collier, 1998). International organizations like the World Bank and United Nations have focused on women’s issues especially the empowerment of poor women in rural areas. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have also taken on an increased role in the area of women’s empowerment (Sadik, 1988). NGO’s, previously catering to women’s health and educational needs, have moved beyond this traditional focus to addressing the underlying causes of deprivations through promoting the economic and social empowerment of women. (McNamara: 2003). There are many challenges that face NGOs who make it their goal to empower women (Narayan: 2002; Mayoux: 2000; Malhotra and Mather: 1997).

Types Of Gender Inequalities

There are many kinds of gender inequality or gender disparity which are as follows:
1. Natality inequality: In this type of inequality a preference is given for boys over girls that many male-dominated societies have, gender inequality can manifest itself in the form of the parents wanting the newborn to be a boy rather than a girl. There was a time when this could be no more than a wish (a daydream or a nightmare, depending on one’s perspective), but with the availability of modern techniques to determine the gender of the foetus, sex-selective abortion has become common in many countries. It is particularly prevalent in East Asia, in China and South Korea in particular, but also in Singapore and Taiwan, and it is beginning to emerge as a statistically significant phenomenon in India and South Asia as well.

2. Professional or Employment inequality: In terms of employment as well as promotion in work and occupation, women often face greater handicap than men. A country like Japan and India may be quite egalitarian in matters of demography or basic facilities, and even, to a great extent, in higher education, and yet progress to elevated levels of employment and occupation seems to be much more problematic for women than for men. The example of employment inequality can be explained by saying that men get priority in seeking job than women.

3. Ownership inequality: In many societies the ownership of property can also be very unequal. Even basic assets such as homes and land may be very asymmetrically shared. The absence of claims to property can not only reduce the voice of women, but also make it harder for women to enter and flourish in commercial, economic and even some social activities. This type of inequality has existed in most parts of the world, though there are also local variations. For example, even though traditional property rights have favoured men in the bulk of India.

4. Household inequality: There are often enough, basic inequalities in gender relations within the family or the household, which can take many different forms. Even in cases in which there are no overt signs of anti-female bias in, say, survival or son-preference or education, or even in promotion to higher executive positions, the family arrangements can be quite unequal in terms of sharing the burden of housework and child care. It is, for example, quite common in many societies to take it for granted that while men will naturally work outside the home, women could do it if and only if they could combine it with various inescapable and unequally shared household duties. This is sometimes called “division of labour,” though women could be forgiven for seeing it as “accumulation of labour.” The reach of this inequality includes not only unequal relations within the family, but also derivative inequalities in employment and recognition in the outside world. Also, the established fixity of this type of “division” or “accumulation” of labour can also have far-reaching effects on the knowledge and understanding of different types of work in professional circles.

5. Special opportunity inequality: Even when there is relatively little difference in basic facilities including schooling, the opportunities of higher education may be far fewer for young women than for young men. Indeed, gender bias in higher education and professional training can be observed even in some of the richest countries in the world, in India too. Sometimes this type of division has been based on the superficially innocuous idea that the respective “provinces” of men and women are just different.

Role of women in development process

The principal of gender equality was recognized in the United Nations Charter in 1945 and the UN Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, the majority of development planners did not fully address the role of women in development process. In 1975, the first UN Conference of Women and Development was held at Mexico city under the motto, “Equality, Development and peace”. The need to integrate women into development was internationally proclaimed in the 1995 Beijing Conference. The Economic Survey (1999-2000) used an entire section on gender inequality. It began with a reminder of the commitment made in the ninth plan document of allocating 30 per cent of resources for women’s development schemes through “Women’s Component Plans”. According to Menon and Probhu (2001), there was a strong plea for investing in women’s equality on the ground that this made economic sense and spoke of “the social rate of return on investment in women” being greater that the corresponding rate for men. According to Paten (2002), women’s development can be attained by improving here status and bargaining power in the economy.

Sushma Sachay (1998) argues that approaches and strategic for women empowerment could be possible by outlining the mechanisms and tools that till influence for women empowerment. Decisions making process, multidimensional process that are enable worn to realize their full identity and powers in all walks of life.

As a Concept

Gender Inequalities refers to the obvious or hidden disparities among individuals based on the performance of gender. This problem in simple term is known as Gender Bias which in simple terms means the gender stratification or making difference between a girl and a boy i.e. a male or a female. In making biasness among the gender India has 10th rank out of 128 countries all over the world which is shameful for us . But this problem is increasing although government has banned the pre-natal sex examination. In India (in the older times) this problem is mainly seen in the rural areas because many rural people think that the girl child is burden on them. But now this is also being seen in the urban areas i.e. in offices, institutions, schools and in society.

However, inequality between men and women can take very many different forms. Indeed, gender inequality is not one homogeneous phenomenon, but a collection of disparate and interlinked problems. The issue of gender inequality is one which has been publicly reverberating through society for decades. The problem of inequality in employment being one of the most pressing issues today. In order to examine this situation one must try to get to the root of the problem and must understand the sociological factors that cause women to have a much more difficult time getting the same benefits, wages, and job opportunities as their male counterparts. The society in which we live has been shaped historically by males. However, in many parts of the world, women receive less attention and health care than men do, and particularly girls often receive very much less support than boys. As a result of this gender bias, the mortality rates of females often exceed those of males in these countries. The concept of missing women was devised to give some idea of the enormity of the phenomenon of women’s adversity in mortality by focussing on the women who are simply not there, due to unusually high mortality compared with male mortality rates. In some regions in the world, inequality between women and men directly involves matters of life and death, and takes the brutal form of unusually high mortality rates of women and a consequent preponderance of men in the total population, as opposed to the preponderance of women found in societies with little or no gender bias in health care and nutrition. Mortality inequality has been observed extensively in North Africa and in Asia, including China and South Asia.

Empowering may be understood as enabling people, especially women to acquire and possess power resources, in order to make decision on their own or resist decisions that are made by others that affect them. A person may said to be powerful when he/she has control over a large portion of power resources in society. The extent of possession of various resources such as personal wealth, such as land skills, education, information, knowledge, social status, position held, leadership trains, capabilities of mobilization.

The National Policy on Education (1986) suggested certain strategies to empower women. Accordingly, women become empowered through collective reflections and decision making enable them to become agency of social change. The global conference on Women Empowerment (1988), highlighted empowerment as the best way of making own partners in development the development of women and children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) program was initiated as a sub scheme of the national wide poverty alleviation program i.e., the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP). It aims at imparting self reliance to rural areas through income generating skill s along with group

organization skills. Keeping this in view the year 2001 was celebrated as “The Women’s Empowerment Year”. Human resource development and empowerment of women unlock the door for modernization of society,. Instated of remaining as passive beneficiaries, women must become active partner. Participation and control over resources of power are considered as the critical indicators in the process of development discharged women especially in rural areas, possess the least proportion of these resources and as a result they are powerless and dependent on the powerful and wealthy.

Focusing On India

While there is something to cheer in the developments I have just been discussing, and there is considerable evidence of a weakened hold of gender disparity in several fields in the subcontinent, there is also, alas, some evidence of a movement in the contrary direction, at least in one aspect of gender inequality, namely, natality inequality. This has been brought out particularly sharply by the early results of the 2001 decennial national Census of India, which are now available. Early results indicate that even though the overall female to male ratio has improved slightly for the country as a whole (with a corresponding reduction of the proportion of “missing women”), the female-male ratio for children has had a substantial decline. For India as a whole, the female-male ratio of the population under age 6 has fallen from 94.5 girls for hundred boys in 1991 to 92.7 girls per hundred boys in 2001.

While there has been no such decline in some parts of the country (most notably Kerala), it has fallen very sharply in others, such as Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat and Maharashtra, which are among the richer Indian States. Taking together all the evidence that exists, it is clear that this change reflects not a rise in female child mortality, but a fall in female births vis-à-vis male births, and is almost certainly connected with increased availability and use of gender determination of foetuses. Fearing that sex-selective abortion might occur in India, the Indian Parliament banned some years ago the use of sex determination techniques for foetuses, except when it is a by-product of other necessary medical investigation. But it appears that the enforcement of this law has been comprehensively neglected. This face of gender inequality cannot, therefore, be removed, at least in the short run, by the enhancement of women’s empowerment and agency, since that agency is itself an integral part of the cause of natality inequality. Policy initiatives have to take adequate note of the fact that the pattern of gender inequality seems to be shifting in India, right at this time, from mortality inequality (the female life expectancy at birth is by now two years higher than male life expectancy in India) to natality inequality. Indeed, there is clear evidence that traditional routes of changing gender inequality, through using public policy to influence female education and female economic participation, may not serve as a path to the removal of natality inequality.

A sharp pointer in that direction comes from countries in East Asia, which all have high levels of female education and economic participation. Despite these achievements, compared with the biologically common ratio across the world of 95 girls being born per hundred boys, Singapore and Taiwan have 92 girls, South Korea only 88, and China a mere 86. In fact, South Korea’s overall female-male ratio for children is also a meagre 88 girls for 100 boys and China’s 85 girls for 100 boys. In comparison, the Indian ratio of 92.7 girls or 100 boys (though lower than its previous figure of 94.5) still looks far less unfavourable.

However, there are more grounds for concern than may be suggested by the current all-India average. First, there are substantial variations within India, and the all-India average hides the fact that there are States in India where the female-male ratio for children is very much lower than the Indian average. Second, it has to be asked whether with the spread of sex-selective abortion, India may catch up with – and perhaps even go beyond – Korea and China. There is, in fact, strong evidence that this is happening in a big way in parts of the country.

There is, however, something of a social and cultural divide across India, splitting the country into two nearly contiguous halves, in the extent of anti-female bias in natality and post-natality mortality. Since more boys are born than girls everywhere in the world, even without sex-specific abortion, we can use as a classificatory benchmark the female-male ratio among children in advanced industrial countries. The female-male ratio for the 0-5 age group is 94.8 in Germany, 95.0 in the U.K., and 95.7 in the U.S., and perhaps we can sensibly pick the German ratio of 94.8 as the cut-off point below which we should suspect anti-female intervention. The use of this dividing line produces a remarkable geographical split of India. There are the States in the north and the west where the female-male ratio of children is consistently below the benchmark figure, led by Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Gujarat (with ratios between 79.3 and 87.8), and also including, among others, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, and Bihar (a tiny exception is Dadra and Nagar Haveli, with less than a quarter million people altogether).

On the other side of the divide, the States in the east and the south tend to have female-male ratios that are above the benchmark line of 94.8 girls per 100 boys: with Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Assam (each between 96.3 and 96.6), and also, among others, Orissa, Karnataka and the north-eastern States to the east of Bangladesh (Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh). One significant exception to this neat pattern of adjoining division is, however, provided by Tamil Nadu, where the Female-male ratio is just below 94, which is higher than the ratio of any State in the deficit list, but still just below the cut-off line used for the partitioning (94.8). The astonishing finding is not that one particular State seems to provide a marginal misfit, but how the vast majority of the Indian States fall firmly into two contiguous halves.

Classified broadly into the north and the west, on one side, and the south and the east, on the other. Indeed, every State in the north and the west (with the slight exception of the tiny Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli) has strictly lower female-male ratio of children than every State in the east and the south (even Tamil Nadu fits into this classification), and this indeed is quite remarkable.

The pattern of female-male ratio of children produces a much sharper regional classification than does the female male ratio of mortality of children, even though the two are also fairly strongly correlated. The female-male ratio in child mortality varies between 0.91 in West Bengal and 0.93 in Kerala, on one side, in the southern and eastern group, to 1.30 in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, with high ratios also in Gujarat, Bihar and Rajasthan, in the northern and western group. The north and the west have clear characteristics of anti-female bias in a way that is not present – or at least not yet Visible – in most of the east and the south. This contrast does not have any immediate economic explanation. The States with anti-female bias include rich ones (Punjab and Haryana) as well as poor States (Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh), and fast-growing States (Gujarat and Maharashtra) as well as growth failures (Bihar and Uttar Pradesh). Also, the incidence of sex-specific abortions cannot be explained by the availability of medical resources for determining the sex of the foetus: Kerala and West Bengal in the non-deficit list, both with the ratio of 96.3 girls to 100 boys (comfortably higher than the benchmark cut-off of 94.8), have at least as much medical facilities as in such deficit States as Madhya Pradesh or Rajasthan. If commercial facilities for sex-selected abortion are infrequent in Kerala or West Bengal, it is because of a low demand for those specific services, rather than any great supply side barrier.

It would also be important to keep a close watch on whether the incidence of sex-specific abortions will significantly increase in States in which they are at this time quite uncommon. It was never meant to be an elitist idea. It has come and assumed from the grassroots level. The women parliamentarians have been able to make many changes to address the state of women in India. But one can never say enough has been done for women.

In India, this problem is mainly in work places i.e. related to Sexual Harassment and Wage Payment and related to inheritance. Although, judiciary decided in favour of the deceased i.e. the suffered parties. There are many landmark and famous cases of gender discrimination in work place like that of Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan it was held that a woman was brutally gang raped in the village of Rajasthan. The incident reveals the hazards to which a working woman may be exposed and the depravity to which sexual harassment can degenerate; and the urgency for safeguards by an alternative mechanism in the absence of legislative measures. In the absence of legislative measures, the need is to find an effective alternative mechanism to fulfil this felt and urgent social need. So, a writ of Mandamus was filed in Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Indian constitution. Later the Supreme Court decided that direct that the certain guidelines and norms would be strictly observed in all work places for the preservation and enforcement of the right to gender equality of the working women. These directions would be binding and enforceable in law until suitable legislation is enacted to occupy the field.

Since Article 15(3) itself hints substantive approach, its application for giving special educational facilities, for giving representation in local bodies and for protection in places of work has a substantive dimension. Upholding a service rule that preferred women in recruitment to public employment to the extent of 30% of posts, the Supreme Court stated in Government of A.P. v. P.B. Vijayakumar: “To say that under Article 15(3) job opportunities for women cannot be created would be to cut at the very root of the underlying inspiration behind this Article. Making special provision for women in respect of employments or posts under the state is an integral part of Article 15(3)”.

Also, In Mackinnon Mackenzie & Co. Ltd v. Audrey D’Costa The Court observed that there was discrimination in payment of wages to lady stenographers and such discrimination was being perpetuated under the garb of a settlement between the employees and the employer. The Court finally not only made it mandatory to pay equal remuneration to lady stenographers as their male counterparts but also observed that the ground of financial incapability of the management cannot be a ground to seek exemption from the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.

Andhra Pradesh’s Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act 1986 is a piece of legislation that ought to be replicated in all our states. The Act confers equal rights of inheritance to Hindu women along with men, thus achieving the constitutional mandate of equality. An important measure undertaken to thereby eradicate the ills brought about by the dowry system while simultaneously ameliorating the condition of women in Hindu society

But now after the decision of the Supreme Court in Gurupad Khandappa Magdum v Hirabai Khandappa Magdum and that till such time, such ascertained share is handed over, the Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) would continue to be treated as the owner of such assets, notwithstanding the ascertained shares of such female heir as part of the corpus of the Hindu family, even as held in State of Maharashtra v Narayan Rao Sham Rao Deshmukh . And also after the amendment of Hindu Succession Act in September 2005 under Sec. 3(2), the right of a Hindu widow to get the full share of her late husband in coparcenary property (with limited interest — later enlarged to absolute right) continues or has been curtailed now. It means that From September 2005, daughters also have become coparceners.

So, these are some landmarks where the legislature and judiciary had performed a well job i.e. by serving in favour of the deceased or victim in a way that the truth or right should not to fail.

Role and Empowerment

We will now realize the vital importance of the terms such as role, empowerment and function for an understanding of society. These terms tell us how individual and groups organize themselves as well as relate to each other. Very simple, role tells us about what is expected from individuals in a particular situation. While empowerment deals with her or his expectation arising out of the situation. Similarly, a role deals with duties and obligations wile empowerment deals with rights. For instance, it is commonly assumed that the most is a women, a wife a cook, a teacher of her children and daughter-in-law and so on. What happens when the mother is also the principal of the local village school? Not only does she have to deal with a range of roles and empowerments, but also with he tensions that may raise out of her ole s mother and her role as an administrator.

“Woman reposes more closely on the central surface of life, while man hunts it in the boundaries of existence, always concerned to overcome, and in the last analysis, to kill. A woman has a secret alliance with eternal life and man with the principle of death. Woman wants to embrace the contradiction of life and to reconcile them in the act of degree so. Man on the other hand release the tension between opposites by annihilating one of the sides, the one he finds unpleasant. He seeks the solution not in love and reconciliation, but in over coming and annihilation. He has a militant and not an erotic manner. The male principle borne of isolation, makes solitude thermal, seeks being in itself and disturbs life as a wholes his being is battle and self service, his will to- life is concerned with ascertaining his own person or overthrowing that of the stranger until the motive of salvation kindles with in him. Woman with her sustaining constitutions is at one and is harmony with the basis of the world. But man wants to change the world to bring it forward to overcome it”.

This paper addresses one specific challenge that is faced by NGOs located in rural areas that wish to promote women’s empowerment. These NGOs have little or no access to skilled social workers. They must often depend on the local population for their employees, employees who may be vulnerable to the similar social pressures and are often equally marginalized as their clients. For rural NGOs to be successful they must attract employees who must at some level be relatively more empowered than the clients. They must have certain credibility to be able to effectively persuade their marginalized clients to alter their ways of thinking on many long-standing traditional issues, such as dowries, child labor, and patriarchal subjugation. The literature of behavior change in the health field suggests that self-efficacy is one of the four most commonly cited constructs for behavioral change 1. Although stated for different purposes and from different perspectives, the literature on self-efficacy can be brought to bear on issues of empowerment. Self-efficacy determines when an individual will undertake new behaviors such as self-empowerment. Low self-efficacy beliefs of women in rural India often stem from the limited and disadvantaged positions women have in society. This makes any behavior change towards self-empowerment difficult if it merely relies on verbal persuasion. The best way by which self-efficacy is acquired is by combining persuasion with role modeling in a supportive and appreciative environment (Bandura, 1997).

NGO employees must model empowered behaviors in order to evoke sustained behavior modification for the empowerment of women they serve. Rural NGOs, who have to often depend on the same local pool for clients and employees, find it difficult to promote empowerment effectively (Goyder: 2001). Despite the training given to employees to promote empowerment among their clients, there may still be a gap between what the employees ‘preach’ and what they may ‘practice’ in their own lives. This, in turn, may make them less effective and impede the NGO from achieving its goals (Turton and Farrington: 1998; Tillman: 2003).

In this paper we seek to explore how a relatively small and isolated rural NGO in Village Jaisakarra, P O Jaisakarra, Kanker – 494 337, Madhya Pradesh , Disha-Samaj Sewi Sanstha (DSSS) has been successful in the empowerment of rural women living in highly patriarchal and traditional societies Background Disha-Samaj Sewi Sanstha (DSSS for short) is a successful rural NGO in India that has received accolades for its success in empowering the women of the region and drawing them out of the cycle of dependency.

Research Question

In this paper we seek to explore how DSSS, a relatively small and isolated rural NGO in Village Jaisakarra, P O Jaisakarra, Kanker – 494 337, Madhya Pradesh , Disha-Samaj Sewi Sanstha (DSSS) has been successful in the empowerment of rural women living in highly patriarchal and traditional societies. The Indian Government as well as CIDA profiles DSSS as a model NGO in the arena of women’s empowerment. In particular we investigate the employees at DSSS, who come from the same villages as the clientele, and examine whether they are significantly different in their levels of empowerment than those they help. Is a gap between the rhetoric and reality of empowerment among the employees? Are employees whose aim is to empower women, empowered themselves? Do they practice what they preach? We seek to uncover the reasons for their success.

Literature Review

To understand the change women undergo in becoming empowered we look at two sets of literature: behavior change and women’s empowerment. In the first set of literature we review what leads to successful change, and in the second set of literature we review what is understood as empowerment for women.

Behavior change

We first start with a review of the self-efficacy literature and focus on the criteria for successful behavior change. Bandura (1986) suggests that a person’s self-expectations determine whether or not certain behavior will be undertaken, the extent of effort expended by the individual, and whether the individual can persist in the face of challenges encountered. This notion of self-efficacy is mediated by a person’s beliefs or expectations about his/her ability to achieve certain tasks effectively or exhibit certain behaviors (Hackett and Betz 1981).

For example, individuals with low self-efficacy regarding their behavior limit their participation when making difficult behavior changes and are more likely to give up when faced with obstacles. Their efficacy beliefs about themselves serve as barriers to change, and in this case, their own empowerment (Hackett and Betz 1981). Furthermore, these authors state that self-efficacy is not necessarily an in-born trait and can be acquired and nurtured. This fact makes these concepts particularly relevant to our study. Bandura (1986) identifies four ways in which self-efficacy and self-efficacy expectations are acquired: performance accomplishments, vicarious learning, verbal persuasion and physical/affective status.

Performance accomplishments are beliefs that stem from the reactions with which individual accomplishments are greeted. A negative assessment can lower confidence and

self-efficacy beliefs; conversely a positive assessment encourages self-efficacy beliefs and the self-efficacy expectations that similar behaviors will be well received in the future. Vicarious learning results in beliefs that are acquired by observing modeling behaviors. When the modeling behavior is undertaken within similar contexts5 such as gender, economic and social class it presents a realistic option. Thus, one of the most effective strategies for enhancing self-efficacy beliefs and self-efficacy expectations is that modeling behavior is context specific. It is of little use for a woman of low social class to observe the success of an entrepreneurial woman born to a family of high social standing with access to resources that are unavailable to the poor woman.

Other ways such as ‘verbal persuasion’ and ‘affective status6‘ encourage selfefficacy. Persuading women to attempt positive behavior change and providing a supportive environment in which women can attempt change, further enhances self-efficacy. Changes based on verbal persuasion, affective status and modeling behavior can lead to significant changes in self–beliefs and self-expectation. These ‘personal factors’ according to Bandura (1986) and Pajares (1996), from an integral part of a triadic relationship necessary for change. They suggest that there is a reciprocal relationship between ‘personal factors’, ‘behavior’ and ‘environmental factors’, which result in social change.

Changes in personal factors (such as self efficacy) can affect an individuals’ behavior (willingness to take risks), which can impact on environmental factors (family and society). These relationships are reciprocal and reinforce each other. This suggests that strategies purposefully introduced in order to enhance women’s personal factors (self efficacy) can lead to reinforcing behaviors (such as self assertive behavior) which in turn can impact and reinforce environmental factors (such as alteration of familial relations). The interaction and reciprocity of the triadic relationship can result in a positive and significant change for women.

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5 In India, where this research is based, we include caste as a determinant of class for successful modeling

behaviors

6 ‘Affective status’ suggests that people learn best in a supportive environment, people do not easily learn in high stress situations, such as criticism.

Women’s Empowerment

Although the notion of women’s empowerment has long been legitimized by international development agencies7, what actually comprises empowerment, and how it is measured, is debated in the development literature. Malhotra, Schuler and Boender, 2002 provide an excellent review of this debate. They review the many ways that empowerment can be measured and suggest that researchers pay attention to the process in which empowerment occurs. The frequently used Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is a composite measure of gender inequality in three key areas: Political participation and decision-making, economic participation and decision-making and power over economic resources (HDR: 2003). It is an aggregate index for a population and does not measure Empowerment on an individual basis. It is made up of two dimensions: Economic participation and decision-making (measured by the percentage of female administrators and managers, and professional and technical employees), and political participation and decision-making (measured by the percentage of seats in parliament held by women). For our purposes GEM is limited and does not capture the multidimensional view of women’s empowerment. It cannot be assumed that if a development intervention promotes women’s empowerment along a particular dimension

that empowerment in other areas will necessarily follow. A number of studies have shown that women may be empowered in one area of life while not in others (Malhotra and Mather 1997; Kishor 1995 and 2000b; Hashemi et al. 1996; Beegle et al. 1998).

While we do not attempt to resolve this debate, we take the position, that women’s empowerment can be measured by factors contributing to each of the following: their personal, economic, familial, and political empowerment. We make a point to include household and interfamilial relations as we believe is a central locus of women’s disempowerment in India. And by including the political, we posit that women’s empowerment measures should include women’s participation in systemic transformation by engaging in political action (Batliwala 1994; Bisnath and Elson 1999; Kabeer 2001; Narasimhan ,1999; and Sen and Grown 1987;) Amin, Becker and Bayes (1998) split the concept of women’s empowerment into three components each measured separately:

7 Women Key to Effective Development (December 6, 2001) World Bank Press) Engendering Development -

Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice is a Policy Research Report by the World Bank

Inter-spouse consultation index, which seeks to represent the extent to which husbands consult their wives in household affairs; Individual autonomy indexes which represents women’s self-reported autonomy of physical movement outside the house and in matters of spending money; and the Authority index, which reports on actual decision-making power (which is traditionally in the hands of the patriarch of the family). These indices are similar to those of used by Balk in her 1994 study. Comparable components of empowerment are included in the eight indicators by Hashemi (1996): mobility, economic security, ability to make a small purchases, ability to make larger purchases, involvement in major decisions, relative freedom from domination by the family, political and legal awareness, and involvement in political campaigning and protests.

Several different efforts have been made in recent years to develop comprehensive frameworks delineating the various dimensions along which women can be empowered (Malhotra, Schuler and Boender, 2002) We construct four separate components of empowerment in Table 1 that draw from many of the authors mentioned earlier and especially rely on Hashemi (1996) and Amin Becker and Bayes, (1998), as their work seems most relevant for rural women in India.

These measures in Table 1 reflect our belief that to measure women’s empowerment more fully and in the broadest sense, it is necessary to add an individualized component representing her political autonomy to the autonomy within the family. Given that the legislation in India reserves special seats for women in elected bodies, even at the village level, an empowerment index for rural women should include her awareness of political issues and participation in the political process.

TABLE I

EMPOWERMENT MEASURES

Personal Autonomy Index Generally(1) Occasionally(1/2) Never(0)

Visiting Respondents’ home

Visiting Village Market

Visiting Hospital

Helping a relative with family

Family Decision Making Index Wife(1) Joint Decision(1/2) Husband Alone(0)

Family Planning

Children’s education in School

Day to day expenditures of family

Medical treatement

Going outside Home

Entertaining guests

Favorite things

Economic Domestic Consultation Index Generally(1) Occasionally(1/2) Never(0)

Buying Household Furniture

Education/expense of Children

Purchase of Land

Purchasing Women’s Clothes

Purchasing medical treatment of Family

Purchasing Children’s clothes

Purchasing Daily Food

Political Autonomy Index Generally(1) Occasionally(1/2) Never(0)

Awareness of any political issue

Voting according to own decisions

Campaigning politically

Standing for elections

Methodology

As this paper seeks to explore how a relatively small and isolated rural NGO in Village Jaisakarra, Disha-Samaj Sewi Sanstha (DSSS) has become a model for the development and empowerment of rural disenfranchised women, a few words on the choice of the NGO are appropriate. Using a database from the directorate of NGOs in India we examined several successful women led NGOs in different parts of India. The criteria for inclusion were that the NGO cater to rural women of lower castes who face traditional gender and class discrimination.

We also stipulated that the NGO must be a successful grass roots organization that has the empowerment of women as its mission. It should have received attention for its success both locally and internationally, and whose founder/director had time to meet with us and would allow us to survey the employees. After a limited search, based on telephone calls, we decided to use DSSS as it met our criteria.

Research methods

Ethnographic and survey research was undertaken at DSSS. Face to face interviews were conducted with DSSS employees, and participant observation of the meetings and activities that took place at DSSS during two weeks in January in 2008 followed by visit in January 2009 to present our findings and tie up some loose ends. We also observed and

documented the various programs at the village level where the women gathered at a prearranged time to participated in a variety of programs (such as the micro credit program or listen to consciousness raising speeches, plays and puppet shows). To document the levels of empowerment among women in the NGO we drew our data from the employees who were responsible for the services that were designed to empower the rural village women. At the leadership level we interviewed nearly all of the ‘“Supervisors’’’ (15/16)11 of the various programs. These “Supervisors’’ administered the `Field workers’ who went into the villages and worked directly with the village women. We interviewed 32 of the 57 “`Fieldworkers’’’ who assisted the “`Supervisors’’’. We also chose to interview 25 local women living the area that the NGO served. They represented women who were eligible to be among the `Recipients’ of the services of the NGO, by the fact they lived in the areas the NGO served. Although these are potential recipients we call them `Recipients’ for convenience. We chose not to interview current recipients of services, as we wanted to establish a baseline of empowerment among the village women from whom the employees were drawn. As all of the employees lived in the neighboring villages before seeking employment (and still continue to live in these villages) the findings on the empowerment indices of the `Recipients’ may also be seen to reflect the those of the employees before coming to the NGO We chose to interview women employees (`Supervisors’ and `Fieldworkers’) and eligible women `Recipients’ to ascertain the main research question, of whether the employees were ‘walking the talk’ and if the employees were significantly different from the recipients. In other words did the women employees who intervened to help promote the empowerment of women were themselves empowered. We were seeking to establish whether the employees own individual levels of empowerment were significantly different from the recipients of the services. Furthermore, we interviewed individuals at both levels of hierarchies in the organization to ascertain if all employees had same or differing levels of empowerment. We decided to interview half of the `Fieldworkers’. We ended up with a sample of 32/57 of `Fieldworkers’. The latter was an opportunistic sample, in that we simply interviewed all the employees who happened to be present in the DSSS headquarters on the days we visited. During the period we visited the NGO, there was a rotation of the `Fieldworkers’ assigned to duties at villages coming in to meet with the `Supervisors’. We were thus able to interview 32 of the `Fieldworkers’. The sample of women eligible to be recipients was done by employing two of the NGO employees to visit every third house in the village and identify women who would be likely potential recipients. We were able to get a sample of 25 women who were willing to be interviewed. Two `Supervisors’ helped us fine tune and translate our instrument for the `Recipients’, which included the measures of women’s empowerment used for the employees. Additionally, we trained one local woman to undertake the interviews due to their fluency in the language.

Findings:

In this section we turn to the findings obtained from the interviews. We present our findings as follows: Section A presents general demographic data of all three groups of respondents: `Supervisors’, `Fieldworkers’ and `Recipients’ and examines for any differences in these three groups; Section B presents empowerment levels of all three groups of respondents and a statistical analysis of the data and Section C presents qualitative findings on the NGO based on interviews with the executive director of the NGO who has run the NGO for the last nineteen years.

Section A: Demographic and socio economic data

The women in our study are all from the district of Jaisakarra, P O Jaisakarra, Kanker. There is a wide age spread in the total number of respondents (72) 12. They range in age from 21 to 65; most women are married and lived with their husbands and have an average of 2.74 children. Only five women in our study did not live with a spouse, 3 of the women are divorced and two are widowed. Divorce is not common in the rural areas and the general tradition is to put up with an abusive spouse or a bad marriage. With reference to caste 89% (64 / 72) of the women categorize themselves as low caste or `OBC’ or Other Backward Classes. This is a `catch all’ category developed by the Government of India census to include some of the most marginalized caste segments of Indian society. Four of the `Supervisors’ belong to the higher castes, as do two of the `Fieldworkers’ and one from the group of `Recipients’. Family structure is relevant to discussion of empowerment. As many of the questions relate to domestic decisions making to establish empowerment levels family structures can influence the responses. The traditional family structure in India is not a nuclear family, it a joint family. In this system, when a son marries, he continues to reside with his parents with his wife and their children. The daughter on the other hand goes to her husband’s home and lives with his parents, unmarried siblings, and the families of his married brothers. The parents of the husband, in a joint family, tend to hold decision-making authority that often overrides the authority of any of the married sons or their wives.

Twenty-nine of the seventy two (40.28%) women in our study live in traditional joint families, whereas the rest lived in a nuclear family setting, which is far less than the norm in of Jaisakarra, P O Jaisakarra, Kanker over 50% .The women had an average of 6.13 years of education

In this area where alcoholism is rampant, we asked our respondents if they hadproblems related to alcohol consumption. We find that half of the women (36) suggested that they had experienced problems related to the alcohol consumption by their husbands. This ranged from beatings and the use of household money for alcohol to unemployment. The differences between the groups were striking, in that the least amount of alcoholism was present in the families of `Fieldworkers’ (6/32) and the most in the `Recipients’ (23/25), where as the half the `Supervisors’ experienced alcohol related problems. We then compared the differences of the means of several socio demographic variables and the means of the empowerment index between the three groups: `Supervisors’, `Fieldworkers’ and `Recipients’, to see if they differed significantly on any of the socio demographic variables and empowerment levels (See Table 2). While they appeared significantly different on the number of all counts with the exception of age, the Scheffe Post Hoc test showed that not all the differences were significant.

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11 One supervisor was a man and therefore not included.

12 This number includes 15 “Supervisors’’, 32 Field workers and 25 eligible recipients.

Table 2

Comparision of Means of socio Economic Data and Empowerment Index for ‘Supervisors’, ‘ Fieldworkers’ and ‘ Recipients’

Mean

Supervisors

Field workers

Recipients

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About the Author

MBA/NET qualified

starwars demotivational posters

The Book of Awakening: Having the Life You Want by Being Present to the Life You Have $10.99 The time when we walk in the shadow of death is, ironically, a time when we feel illuminated by life’s true meaning. Poet and philosopher Mark Nepo has firsthand experience with this mystery–he had cancer. During his arduous recovery, he sought inspiration and guidance that would reflect his growing appreciation of life. Although this daybook is exactly what Nepo longed for as he struggle…

The Power of Positive Thinking $4.16 “This book is written with the sole objective of helping the reader achieve a happy, satisfying, and worthwhile life.” — Norman Vincent Peale The Power of Positive Thinking has helped millions of men and women to achieve fulfillment in their lives. In this phenomenal bestseller, Dr. Peale demonstrates the power of faith in action. With the practical techniques outlined in this book, you can ener…

How Successful People Think: Change Your Thinking, Change Your Life $5.45 Gather successful people from all walks of life-what would they have in common? The way they think! Now you can think as they do and revolutionize your work and life! A Wall Street Journal bestseller, HOW SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE THINK is the perfect, compact read for today’s fast-paced world. America’s leadership expert John C. Maxwell will teach you how to be more creative and when to question popular …

Julie’s Daily Motivational Challenge – What Would You Do If You Knew You Could Not Fail?

“Questions get answers, advice, opinions, beliefs, impressions, stories, and more questions. Questions are about life, people, careers, achievements, facts, and faith. Ask and learn.” - Ruby Bayan

What would just the right question be worth to you? There is nothing more effective for bringing deep insight and understanding than a powerful question. You truly can ask questions that create meaningful change in your life. The right questions can lead you toward the things you desire.

Questions: Simple words mixed carefully into a phrase with the power to change lives in extraordinary ways. Questions crystallize thought. Powerful questions ask “What, Why, Where, Who, How, and When?” They bring insights, visions, and new perspectives.

Lord Byron wrote, “But words are things, and a small drop of ink, falling, like dew, upon a thought produces that which makes thousands, perhaps millions think.”

Questions stop the noise in our minds for a moment. They allow zeroing in on our present feelings or level of understanding. We can hear our first intuitive answers and impressions. Repeating a question can refine the answer from understanding into a deeper level of knowing.

There is a special type of life-enhancing question called an “Inquiry”. A purposeful inquiry is a question to think about without demanding an immediate answer. We can carry these questions with us daily, allowing the process of life to provide the answers. Life often provides the right question only when we are completely ready to accept and live the answer.

I have inquiries that I carry permanently, allowing them to evolve and bring new insights and inquiries over time. One day you might find that the question has changed, and with the changing of the question, you have changed as well.

If you could ask one question that you would be willing to ponder as long as necessary, what would your most life-enhancing question be today?

In choosing a question, consider how your life would look and feel if you could rate it a perfect 10. Then consider what you intend to accomplish during your lifetime. What is it that you need to know in order to move closer to your ideal life?

Asking life-enhancing questions each day will energize and guide you through many rewarding experiences. May your questions-and answers-bring you the desires of your heart!

© Copyright 2005 by Steve Brunkhorst. Steve is a professional life success coach, motivational author, and the editor of Achieve! 60-Second Nuggets of Inspiration, a popular mini-zine bringing great stories, motivational nuggets, and inspiring thoughts to help you achieve more in your career and personal life. Get the next issue by visiting http://www.AchieveEzine.com

I’m looking for uplifting, positive, Motivational Songs for women.?

I ALREADY HAVE: “Girls Just Want To Have Fun,” “Independence Day,” “Man I Feel Like A Woman,” “She Works Hard For the $” “9 to 5″ “I Am Woman” “I’m Every Woman” “I Will Survive” “A Voice Within” “Fighter” “So Yesterday” “Beautiful” “Respect” “Natural Woman” “This One’s For the Girls” “Unwritten” “Think”… I ALREADY HAVE ALL THE ABOVE.

How about:-
Female of the Species – Space
She bangs the Drums – Stone Roses
Brighter – Carole King
Truly – Delerium
Woman – John Lennon
Up – Shania Twain
Oh You Pretty Things – David Bowie
Dancing Queen – ABBA
On We Go – Nancy McCallion
Hey Jude – The Beatles
Ironic – Alanis Moirrisette

Motivational Interviewing with Dr. William R. Miller [VHS] Co-developed by Dr. Jon Carlson (creator of the highly successful and award-winning video series Psychotherapy with the Experts and Family Therapy with the Experts) and Dr. Judy Lewis (2000-2001 President of the American Counseling Association), this video series fills an important need in the field of addiction counseling. As you know, the advent of managed care has replaced traditional long-term…

Motivational Interviewing with William R. Miller (Individual Version) $59.00 See William R. Miller utilize Motivational Interviewing in an actual counseling session with a client struggling with addiction Dr. Miller demonstrates how Motivational Interviewing helps people resolve their ambivalence about changing addictive behaviors. The therapist creates an atmosphere that is conducive to change by expressing empathy and encouragement, rolling with resistance, and helping…

Motivational Interviewing in Action: Evidence-based Health Coaching $149.00 Validated in over 300 clinical studies, motivational interviewing (MI) remains the most effective approach for engaging patients, as well as addressing critical disease self-care, treatment adherence and lifestyle management factors responsible for most disability and avoidable health care costs. This is the first MI video training series especially designed for clinicians who serve individuals …

Motivational Interviewing for Mental Health Disorders with Stephen Rollnick $149.99 Join Stephen Rollnick, Ph.D., the foremost expert on Motivational Interviewing (MI) and be prepared to use this evidence-based approach. You will learn the latest developments from someone on the cutting-edge of this revolutionary method. Discover how to effectively enhance motivation to change clients who are reluctant and ambivalent. MI can be used briefly, over a few sessions or integrated into…

(addictions, health, general) MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING, 2ND EDITION (Book + 12 CE Credits or 12 CME Credits) by William Miller, Ph.D. & Stephen Rollnick, Ph.D., ISBN 1572305630 (continuing education, psychology, social work, psychiatry, evidence based practice) $230.00 TRAINING OBJECTIVES are to learn the following: To view resistance as a function of an interpersonal process, the general principles of MI, the ethics of MI, what rolling with resistance means, the transtheoretical model of change, what treatment outcome studies say about MI.????????.. DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to train mental health professionals to treat addictions with motivational…

Effective Motivational Interviewing an Adolescent

Behavioral Job Interview Questions Prevent Hiring the Wrong Person

No decision is more crucial to the success of your business than the people you hire, so consider carefully the dilemma you face in your hiring interviews.

You talk with someone you’ve probably just met for an hour or two – maybe less. Your objective is to get the information you need for a decision that can have a major impact on the profitability of your business, your career and daily work life, the life of the applicant as well as your legal costs.

The unique demands of the behavioral hiring interview are that a lot of money’s riding on a relatively brief period of time. It’s essential that you get the maximum relevant information during your interviews in the shortest amount of time.

No decision is more crucial to the success of your business than the people you hire because hiring the wrong candidate is very expensive – in both money and morale: The costs of expensive mistakes and repairing the damage before the problem’s discovered. The costs of expensive employee turnover, finding new people, and bringing them up to speed. The costs of inefficiencies when people aren’t working effectively together as a team.

More than any other single area of your business, hiring decisions mean the difference between controlling expenses or making costly mistakes.

You’ve probably had the experience of someone working for you who’s not quite bad enough to terminate, but their performance is far short of what your business needs to succeed. And they stay – sometimes for years – because the cost of finding and training a replacement’s time consuming and expensive.

Or someone who infects your organization with a toxic attitude that drains the morale of coworkers – an attitude that makes for bad teamwork costing energy and time to deal with. These are problems you can help stop before they start with the right type of interview techniques.

People who create effective teams are first and foremost good behavioral interviewers, because the key to building your own career is to build your staff with the best people.

Behavioral Interviews Aren’t Typical Work Settings

One of the big challenges you face is that hiring interviews aren’t your usual work settings. Without planning and skill on the part of the interviewer, applicants tend to show how they do in an interview – not necessarily how they’ll do on the job. Candidates also bring their own objective to the interview. Giving you the answers they think you want to hear.

Today’s market is very sophisticated regarding savvy interview skills. There are hundreds of CDs and books on the market that teach job seekers how to out-interview the interviewer. The best people you’ll interview will have studied these books and practiced what they’re going to say.

Be a Savvy Interviewer

Job seekers have become very savvy about interview skills – and you need to be as well! Studies show that between a quarter and a third of all job applicants misrepresent their work history.

You need good questions – questions that are penetrating and get beyond the applicant’s rehearsed answers – together with an effective interview strategy to sift fact from statement and judge the true level of their motivation.

In the unique circumstances of the hiring interview where a lot of money’s riding on such a short period of time you have to evaluate the applicant, you need to bring as much objectivity to the process as possible and conduct the interview in a manner that keeps you out of trouble with the law.

You Must Interview Legally

Many commonly asked hiring questions are illegal. It’s essential that to know what you can ask and how to document the answers to avoid lawsuits.

Over seventy percent of discrimination complaints result from the interview process. Attorney’s fees to defend yourself if a discrimination case goes to court start at $30,000 – even if you prevail!

In the new legal climate that exists around hiring, job interviews are no longer something you can ‘Do by the seat of your pants’ without leaving yourself open to possible lawsuits . An inadvertently asked question that may have a friendly intent, such as “What’s your husband’s occupation?” can cost you thousands of dollars.

The Three Goals of the Behavioral Interview

An experienced hiring interviewer knows an applicant’s ability to do the job is only one of the goals of the interview. The second area you need to determine is their motivation – how dedicated they’ll be.

There’s a world of difference between being able to do the job, and being motivated and dedicated to doing an outstanding job. What does their motivation say about how long they’ll stay with your company?

Most People Don’t Underperform or Leave Jobs Because They Lack Ability

They lose motivation when the work environment or management style isn’t a good fit. For a successful hire you also need to determine manageability – how they’ll accept your direction, criticism and feedback. So much of the day to day tension of the job revolves around these critically important areas. A person can be able and willing, but if they’re unmanageable you’re going to have problems.

Meeting these three goals of the hiring interview – determining ability, motivation and manageability – requires preparation to get a systematic, balanced coverage of each applicant.

Ability, which includes skills and knowledge can generally be arrived at in the most straight forward manner. Motivation and manageability are more difficult to determine because everyone will tell you in a job interview they’ll work hard and follow directions.

You need well crafted behavioral interview questions and know how to ask them to get past the applicant’s facade for the information you really want.

This is the first of a series of articles giving you proven behavioral job interview questions and hiring techniques that yield the maximum information in the minimum amount of time.

About the Author

Steve Penny author of Hiring the Best People has been asked to speak on How to Motivate People at the biggest human resource conferences in the world. Videos of the 7 Ways To Motivate People That Don’t Cost A Penny may be viewed at HiringTheBestPeople.com

Pointing out discrepancies between a persons current and ideal behavior is central to which of the following?

a. using aversive conditioning techniques
b. absintence programs for sexually promiscuous adolescents
c.motivational interviewing
d. the multimodal treatment approach

c.motivational interviewing

It’s All in the Game (Basketball Quotes) Sports Poster Print …

Re: De-Motivational Posters

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte – Bandage – waist seal and girdle

Overview Seurat spent two years painting A Sunday Afternoon, focusing scrupulously on the landscape of the park. He reworked the original as well as completed numerous preliminary drawings and oil sketches. He would go and sit in the park and make numerous sketches of the various figures in order to perfect their form. He concentrated on the issues of color, light, and form. The painting is approximately 2 by 3 meters (6 ft 10 in x 10 ft 1 in) in size. Motivated by study in optical and color theory, he contrasted miniature dots of colors that, through optical unification, form a single hue in the viewer’s eye. He believed that this form of painting, now known as pointillism, would make the colors more brilliant and powerful than standard brush strokes. To make the experience of the painting even more vivid, he surrounded it with a frame of painted dots, which in turn he enclosed with a pure white, wooden frame, which is how the painting is exhibited today at the Art Institute of Chicago. In creating the picture, Seurat employed the then-new pigment zinc yellow (zinc chromate), most visibly for yellow highlights on the lawn in the painting, but also in mixtures with orange and blue pigments. In the century and more since the painting’s completion, the zinc yellow has darkened to brown color degeneration that was already showing in the painting in Seurat’s lifetime.

The island of la Grande Jatte (pronounced grhand zhot) is in the Seine in Paris between La Defense and the suburb of Neuilly, bisected by the Pont-de-Levallois. Although for many years it was an industrial site, it is today the site of a public garden and a housing development. In 1884, the island was a bucolic retreat far from the urban center. In popular culture The iPod touch and iPhone, as well as Mac OSX Snow Leopard come with this in the included wallpapers. The Stephen Sondheim musical Sunday in the Park with George is based on the painting. The painting is featured in the 1986 film Ferris Bueller’s Day Off. Ferris’ friend Cameron is shown locking eyes on the little girl in the center of the painting and being transfixed. The scene portrays Cameron observing a little girl up close whereupon he realizes that, though from a distance all seems in order, there is no shape or form to her face. Parodied in the Family Guy episode, “The Tan Aquatic with Steve Zissou” (on the part where Stewie goes to the museum to see this painting as one of his last wishes before he dies – however the museum is incorrectly referred to as The Chicago Museum of Art). It is a parody of the Ferris Bueller scene mentioned above. In the famous zero-gravity opening scene of the 1968 film Barbarella, a section of the painting is visible. In 2004, 20th Century Fox’s The Simpsons were featured in a poster titled “A Day at the River” which imitates Seurat’s famous painting.

A mid-1990s Looney Tunes calendar also includes a parody. Also in The Simpsons, the episode entitled “Mom and Pop Art” features Barney re-creating an exact replica of this painting. In an episode of The Critic, Alice shows Jay that she painted her own precise replica of the painting on her apartment wall. In PC and Commodore 64 versions of the video game Maniac Mansion, a shredded print of the painting hangs over the decaying dining room table. Old Deaf School Park, a park in Columbus, Ohio attempts to replicate the piece in three-dimensional topiary. Nancy Cameron was posed in front of a copy of the painting, dressed in a similar way, for the May, 1976, edition of Playboy. A 1989 Sesame Street book featured a spoof called “Sunday in the Park with Big Bird”. The Nintendo game Animal Crossing: Wild World has this painting for sale under the name “Calm Painting” A scene in Looney Tunes: Back in Action has Elmer Fudd chasing Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck into this painting. When Elmer comes out, he is still in pointilism form, so Bugs takes advantage of this, and blows Elmer away with a small fan. A former restaurant at the Mall of America called “Minnesota Picnic” featured a mural rather close in style and size to the Seurat original. A mural in the Mall of America The Bruce Willis movie Die Hard With a Vengeance used a seven story tall mural of this painting as a background The song “Camouflage” from Third Eye Blind’s 1999 album Blue references the painting in the line “Be a dream in color even on a winter’s night/Thinking George Seurat afternoon bathed in light” In 2006, a group of volunteers in northern Illinois staged the scene with modern clothing. Joshua Ferris’ 2007 novel Then We Came to the End, a book about the workplace, life and labor, places two workaholic lovers in front of the painting, on exhibit at the Art Institute of Chicago. The official poster for the 1993 Detroit Grand Prix held on Detroit’s Belle Isle June 11-13 is based on this painting. The poster uses all of the original images of the park goers on the right side but adds images of the racetrack and 3 Indy cars between the park and river, the boats can still be seen, the background across the river has been altered to show the Detroit skyline. The poster is titled ‘Sunday Afternoon at Belle Isle Park, 1993-1893′ The Pixar movie Wall-E released in 2008 features the painting, together with other famous paintings, in the final credits. In 1989 Columbus, Ohio, artist James T. Mason created a topiary version of this painting on the grounds of a former school for the deaf. The reproduction includes 54 human figures, eight boats, three dogs, a monkey and a cat sculpted in yew shrubbery grown over metal frameworks. In 2003, Disney’s animated film Brother Bear features the painting being painted by Koda during the end credits. Related works by Seurat Bathers at Asnires, 1883-1884 Figures assises, 1884 Die Insel La Grande Jatte mit Ausflglern, 1884 Paysage et personnages, 1884-1885 Groupe de personnages, 1884-1885 Esquisse d’ensemble, 1884-1885 Femmes au bord de l’eau, 1885-1886 Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte, 1884-1886 References ^ Gage, John (1993). Color and Culture: Practice and Meaning from Antiquity to Abstraction. Boston: Little, Borwn. pp. 220, 224. . ^ Road Side America External links Seurat and the Making of a Grande Jatte Categories: 1886 paintings | Post-impressionist paintings | Georges Seurat paintings | Paintings of the Art Institute of ChicagoHidden categories: Articles containing French language text

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About the Author

We are high quality suppliers, our products such as Bandage , waist seal and girdle for oversee buyer. To know more, please visits china cervical collar.

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Under which category your wallpaper lists ?

1.Landscape(seasons-springs-lakes-mountains-beaches-rocks…etc)
2.Celebrities.(Hollywood,other)
3.Sports.
4.Wild Animals
5.Pets
6.Holidays
7.Musical
8.Space(planets,shuttles,moon landing,galaxies…etc)
9.Movies or shows (Posters or characters..)
10.Abstract(computer generated,human art,light manipulated,or camera deceptive )
11.Porn.
12.Family(or loved ones,anything personnel)
13.Funny,weird,cartoons(comics),motivational,candid,photos shot at the right moment…etc
14.Military or guns.
15.Political ( Politicians,Flags,Events,…etc)
16.Famous art (monaliza..etc)
17.Games.(video games)
18.Cities or roads…
19.Other(mention)

I like first of your listed categories and taking wallpapers from this website: http://www.wallpapersbuzz.com. I like it because they are giving cropping tool for wallpapers and im using them for my phone too.

Demotivational posters : Best Laughter Medicine

Fakeposters.com is a platform for viewing various demotivational posters.

Demotivational posters have become very popular nowadays, because they are really funny, hilarious and sarcastic. These posters make everyone laugh and also help people manage their stress level.

Now everyone can create their own demotivational posters online. Fakeposters.com also allows you to edit your demotivational posters. These interesting and attracting features make this website different from others, and they are responsible for attracting the huge number of people which visit and explore this website.

The term Demotivational posters is not very easy to understand. You cannot find the word demotivational in the dictionary. The term demotivational poster represents cynicism and sarcasm. As the name suggests, the term has been derived from the word Motivational posters which are used by various schools and companies to inspire their students and employees.

Due to this reason motivational posters are also called inspirational posters. The link between motivational and demotivational posters is that demotivational posters are simply cynical representation of text or quote which is motivational in nature.

A demotivational poster generally consists of a hilarious picture along with some text. It is believed that a motivational poster leads to a positive behavioral change in people.

Though, this theory has been proved and validated by many experts including Mutrie and Blamey, there are many experts who strongly oppose it. In today’s world the majority of people live hectic, busy or boring lives. It is also true that the humorous and fun element is missing in the lives of most of us.

Fakeposters.com is an online platform where people can relax and take a break from their hectic schedule. Fakeposters.com allows one to select a funny picture, add some sarcastic text and make an interesting demotivational poster. Demotivational posters can be shared by others as well.

It is also possible that people can edit each other’s posters. People can also post sarcastic comments on each other’s posters and thus make the concept of demotivational posters more interesting and popular. One can also upload their Demotivational posters on various social networking sites including Facebook, Twitter etc. A demotivational poster allows people to enhance their creativity.

Another advantage of demotivational posters is that, it can make people smile all over the world. The uploaded Demotivational posters can be viewed and shared by anybody across the world.

Many companies in United States of America are involved in selling such demotivational posters and they make a huge profit out of it. The market business of such companies is great. The reason behind the success of these companies is that they make lot of effort to make the demotivational posters as interesting and as funny as possible. They study the concept on which the poster is based, very extensively.

They also study the customer feedback very carefully and try their best to make the posters more humorous and funny so that people enjoy their posters even more. These companies have an excellent creative team for doing the job of modifying or creating these demotivational posters. Many such companies have their own websites for advertising their demotivational posters.

These companies are expanding their business in other parts of the world to create awareness about demotivational posters and reach new markets.

It is recommended that all of us should visit Fakeposters.com regularly. This will surely help us relax and forget all our problems. All of us must try to ignore the work related tension and make some time for ourselves. It has been well said by somebody that Laughter is the best medicine. Websites like Fakeposters.com is the best application of this quote.

We must create awareness about such websites and make our friends laugh. If everyone starts looking at demotivational posters, the world will surely become a better place to live in.

About the Author

The term Demotivational posters is not very easy to understand. You cannot find the word demotivational in the dictionary. The term demotivational poster represents cynicism and sarcasm.